植物生物质制备活性炭研究进展  

Research Progress of Preparation of Activated Carbons from Plant Biomass

作　　者：李锋民[1] 郑浩[1] 邢宝山 王震宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]美国马萨诸塞州立大学植物与土壤科学学院,美国艾摩斯特市01003

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2009年第28期13730-13735,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：NSFC-JST重大国际合作项目(50721140017);国家水体污染控制与治理重大科技专项(2008ZX07010-009);自然科学基金项目(2006BAC01A13)

摘　　要：活性炭具有发达的内部孔隙结构和良好的吸附性能,在化工、制药、食品和环境保护等许多领域有广阔的应用前景。植物生物质资源因其自身的特性是制备活性炭最有前景的原料之一。目前活性炭研究中常用的植物生物质原料分为农业残余物、木材类原料、竹类原料和木质素四大类。活性炭的制备方法分为炭化和活化两个阶段。活化方法有物理活化法、化学活化法和蒸气裂解活化法。物理和蒸气裂解活化法干净环保,但是成本高、技术不是很成熟;化学活化法技术成熟,应用最广泛,但是化学药剂的应用引起的设备腐蚀和环保问题难以克服,应用逐渐受到限制。Activated carbons have been widely used as very effective adsorbents in many fields such as chemical industry,environment protection, agriculture and national defense due to their highly developed porosity, large surface area, variable characteristics of surface chemistry, and high degree of surface reactivity. Plant biomass is one of the most promising materials of activated carbons. The plant materials can be classified into four types：agricuhural waste, wood, bamboo and lignin. The method of preparation activated carbons includes two steps ：carbonization and activation. Chemical activation, physical activation and steam-pyrolysis activation are three common activation methods. The last two methods are clean and environmentally-friendly,but the costs are much higher; chemical activation is mature and widely used,but the application of chemicals caused corrosion of equipments and environment problems which are difficult to overcome, leading to restricted application.

关 键 词：植物生物质 活性炭 炭化 活化 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]