包裹型缓/控释肥对冬小麦产量、土壤无机氮和氮肥利用效率的影响  

The effects of coated slow/controlled fertilizer on winter wheat yield,soil Nmin and nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：赵荣芳[1,2] 孟庆锋[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]仲恺农业工程学院环境科学与工程系,广东广州510225

出　　处：《磷肥与复肥》2009年第5期77-80,共4页Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"复合(混)肥养分高效优化技术研究"(2006BAD10B03);农业部"948"项目"养分资源综合管理技术引进与中国技术体系的建立和应用"(2006-G60)

摘　　要：采用超大区田间试验,以不施氮、传统氮素管理方式和优化氮素管理方式为对照,研究冬小麦施用包裹型缓/控释肥(包裹肥料)对产量、土壤无机氮和氮肥利用效率的影响,并对冬小麦施用包裹型缓/控释肥效果进行评价。结果表明:与传统氮素管理方式相比,优化氮素管理方式和包裹肥料处理在分别节省了78%和67%的氮肥的条件下,获得了和传统氮素管理方式相似的冬小麦子粒产量;采用氮素优化管理模式和施用包裹肥料显著降低了土壤无机氮残留和氮素表观损失,从而显著提高了氮肥利用率;与优化氮素管理方式相比,施用包裹肥料可一次性基施,省时省力,提高了经济效益。A big-plots field experiment is conducted to evaluate the winter wheat yield, soil Nmin and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） influenced by a coated slow/controlled fertilizer, compared with no nitrogen, optimized and conventional nitrogen management. The main results are as follows： compared with conventional nitrogen management, there is 78% nitrogen fertilizer saving in optimized nitrogen management and 67% in coated slow/controlled fertilizer treatment, without concomitant reductions in winter wheat grain yield. The soil residues Nmin and apparent N losses are decreased by the optimized nitrogen management and coated slow/controlled fertilizer treatment while nitrogen use efficiency is dramatically increased. Coated fertilizer treatment obtains higher economic benefit through one time basal fertilization and saving labor inputs compared with the optimized nitrogen management.

关 键 词：包裹肥料 氮素管理 土壤无机氮 氮素平衡 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]