冬小麦断根铲最佳结构参数试验  

Experiment on the best structure parameters of root-cutting shovel for winter wheat

作　　者：吕钊钦[1] 李汝莘[1] 尹克容[1] 赵冉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机电学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第8期83-87,I0006,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东农业大学青年基金资助项目(03023431)

摘　　要：机械断根技术是冬小麦高产栽培的重要配套措施。断根铲是小麦机械断根的关键工作部件,结构参数设计是否合理,决定了小麦机械断根效果和断根作业质量。通过对断根铲结构参数的试验和分析,提出了断根铲的断根机理,对断根铲不同结构参数的断根效果和作业质量进行了试验研究,得到了符合小麦断根要求的最佳结构参数。结果表明:断根铲的翼张角2γ增大,滑切作用降低,杂草缠绕、堵塞增加;切土角β0越小,断根能力越强;碎土角β对小麦断根伤根起辅助作用,入土角α和断根铲幅宽B越大,断根量越大,但翻土、损伤麦苗、地表不平也随之加重。断根铲合理的结构参数为:γ=45°,β=12°,β0=18°,α=8.5°,B=8cm。研究结果为小麦断根机械的设计提供了依据。Mechanical root-cutting technology is an important high-yield cultivation measure of winter wheat sowing. Root-cutting shovel is the key working components of mechanical root-cutting of wheat, and whether the design of the working parameters is reasonable, determines the mechanical root-cutting effect of wheat and the operating quality of root-cutting. Through the test parameters and analysis of root-cutting shovel, root-cutting mechanisms were proposed,root-cutting effect and the operating quality with different structure parameters were trially studied, and the best parameters to meet the demand for wheat root cutting were attained. The results showed： with the increase of the wing-open angle 2γ of root-cutting shovel, the role of sliding-cutting was reduced, and winding and blocked weed was increased; the smaller the soil-cutting angle β0 was, the better root-cutting capacity would be; soil-smashing angle fl had an assistant effect for wheat root-cutting; the bigger soil-entering angle a and root-cutting shovel＇s breadth B were, the more quantity of roots would be cut,while the more serious digging-up the soil, wheat seedings injured and irregular earth surface were. The reasonable working parameters of root-cutting shovel were： γ=45°,β=12°,β0=18°,α=8.5°,B=8cm. The results provide a basis for the design of wheat root-cutting machine.

关 键 词：铲 结构 机理 机械断根 小麦 

分 类 号：S223.24[农业科学—农业机械化工程]