低剂量电离辐射对不同性别从业者的健康影响现况研究  

A Cross Section Study on Low-Dose Ionization Radiation and Health Effects in Different Sex Subgroups of Occupational Population

作　　者：杨非[1,2] 黄中夯 卢小青 刘慧 蒋娣[2] 杨媛 李佳圆[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,四川成都610041 [2]成都市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2009年第3期286-288,共3页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的探讨职业低剂量辐射的长期暴露与健康效应的关系。方法2007年成都市1 052名放射从业人员纳入监测队列,男性785例(74.62%),女性267例(25.38%)。个人剂量测定采用热释光法;健康监测指标包括血液常规、染色体畸变分析、眼晶体等。采用SPSS13.0软件的方差分析、χ2检验和广义线性模型单变量程序(GLMUni-variate procedure,即协方差分析)进行组间差异比较。结果男性的平均年剂量为(0.76±0.65)mSv,女性的为(0.75±0.64)mSv,两组间差异无统计学显著性(F=0.136,P=0.712)。女性低白细胞、低血小板、高红细胞数和高血红蛋白量的人数和现患率分别为30(11.2%),45(16.9%),4(1.5%)和3(1.1%);男性分别为32(4.1%),147(18.7%),64(8.2%)和115(14.6%),除血小板外,上述三个指标在性别间的差异有统计学意义(χ2检验,P<0.01)。按性别分层分析,未观察到剂量分组间各健康指标(红细胞、白细胞、血小板计数、血红蛋白量及染色体畸变数)的分布差异(协方差分析和χ2检验,P>0.05)。结论该人群的健康效应既有低剂量辐射的兴奋和适应效应,也有辐射的累积损害效应,其中女性是辐射不良效应的敏感人群,血液指标是指示辐射健康影响的敏感指标。Objective To explore the relationship between long - time exposure to low - dose ionization radiation and health effects. Methods 1052 occupational subjects exposed to ionization radiation in Chengdu eity were recruited in monitoring cohort in 2007, including 785 men （74.62%） and 267 women （25.38%）. Individual exposure dose were monitored by Thermoluminescent Measurement. Health effects include blood routine examination, Chromosomal aberration, eye lens test, etc. Variance Analysis （ANOVA）, X^2 Test and Univariate Procedure of General Liner Model （Covariance Analysis） were implemented to test the difference among subgroups with SPSS 13.0 software. Results Annual average of exposure dose of male and female were （0.76±0.65）mSv and （0.75±0.64）mSv. There is no statistical significant between sex subgroups （F=0.136,P=0.712）. In females subgroup, the frequencies and ratios with low WBC, Low platelet, high RBC and high HGB were 30（11.2%） ,45（16.9%） ,4（1.5%）和3（1.1%） respectively. And in male subgroup, frequencies and ratios of above index were 32 （4.1%）, 147（18.7%）, 64（8.2%） and 115（14.6%） respectively. Except low platelet, the distribution differences of the rest three blood indexes between sex subgroups were statistically significant （X^2 test, P 〈0.01）. Either in male or in female subgroups, no statistically significant difference of all health indexes（ RBC, WBC, Platelet, HGB, and Chromosomal aberration） was observed in different radiation dose teams. Condusion In this monitoring cohort, the health effects were related to hormesis and adaptive response as well as radiation damage accumulation effect of low - dose ionization radiation. Females were the sensitive group to suffer adverse effects, while blood indexes were the sensitive indexes for monito-ring radiation exposure.

关 键 词：低剂量电离辐射 兴奋效应 适应效应 健康效应 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程]