湛江湾海水富营养化水平和浮游植物多样性分析  

LEVEL OF EUTROPHICATION AND PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY IN ZHANJIANG BAY

作　　者：程海鸥[1] 马启敏[1] 杨锋 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]湛江市海洋与渔业环境监测站,广东湛江524039

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2009年第3期121-126,共6页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：908项目(908-02-02-03)资助

摘　　要：根据2007年8月的水质调查数据,并结合历史调查资料,对湛江湾海水富营养化水平和浮游植物多样性以及相互关系进行了探讨。结果表明:湛江湾各站位营养状态指数(E)均>1,海水富营养化异常严重;氮磷比例严重失去平衡,北部海域氮磷污染比南部海域氮磷污染严重,北部海域赤潮控制因子为磷,南部海域赤潮控制因子为氮;近十年来,营养状态指数呈现不断上升趋势,原因可能是湛江湾海水无机磷含量迅速上升所至,营养状态指数水平分布呈现由北向南、由湾内向湾口逐渐减少的趋势。湛江湾浮游植物种类多样性指数(H′)变化范围为1.45～3.4,平均值2.42±0.31,均匀度变化范围为0.48～0.89,平均值为0.67±0.02,浮游植物种类多样性指数(H′)和均匀度J水平分布类似,呈现由北向南、由湾内向湾口逐渐减少的趋势,湛江湾浮游植物种类多样性差异较大;浮游植物种类多样性指数(H′)和均匀度J与营养状态指数的分布总体上成正相关关系。Based on the surveyed data of water quality in Zhanjiang Bay in Aug. , 2007 and the historical data, the eutrophication situation and the phytoplankton diversity etc. in the sea area were analyzed. The results showed that.. 1） The level of eutrophication （E） is 〉1 in each station, indicating the Zhanjiang Bay is eutrophied very much; 2） The radio of N and P is out of balance. The pollution of N and P in north is heavier than in south. P is the limitation factor of phytoplankton growth in north and N is the limitation factor in south; 3） The level of eutrophication increases obviously in recent 10 years. The reason is the increasing of the DIP level. The level of eutrophication decreased from north to south, from west to east and from inshore to offshore; 4） The diversity index of phytoplankton （H′） changes from 1. 45 to 3.4 and the average is 2.42±31; the evenness index （J） changes from 0. 48 to 0. 89 and the average is 0. 67±0. 02; The distribution of the diversity index and the evenness index are similar, decreased from north to south, from west to east and from inshore to offshore; 5） The diversity index and the evenness index were positively related to the level of eutrophication.

关 键 词：湛江湾 富营养化 浮游植物 多样性 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学] X834[生物学—普通生物学]