劳动力市场扭曲、效率差异与城乡收入差距  

The Distortion of the Labor Market,the Difference in its Efficiency,and the Income Disparity between Peasants and Town People

作　　者：孙宁华[1,2] 堵溢[3] 洪永淼[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院经济系 [2]美国康奈尔大学经济学系 [3]密苏里大学哥伦比亚校区 [4]厦门大学王亚南经济研究院

出　　处：《管理世界》2009年第9期44-52,共9页Journal of Management World

摘　　要：改革开放以来我国城乡收入差距呈现逐步拉大的趋势。我们建立了"纯净"的动态增长模型和包含劳动力市场扭曲、部门效率差异的一般均衡模型对城乡收入差距的形成进行了校准和分析。"纯净"的动态增长模型可以较好地模拟劳动力从农业部门转移到非农部门、农业部门在国民经济中的比重逐渐下降、非农部门在国民经济中的比重逐渐上升的特征事实,但是,数值模拟结果与中国城乡收入差距的事实不相符合。接着我们用一个包含劳动力市场扭曲和两部门之间效率差异的一般均衡模型对城乡收入差距建模。结果表明,可以在这个一般化的框架下对城乡收入差距的形成及其与各种经济制度、经济政策和经济变量的关系提供合理的解释。运用参数校准和数值模拟方法,我们发现所建模型可以通过中国经济的特征事实的检验。Since China's reform and opening to the outside world,the gap between the income of China's urban people and that of rural people(GBIOCUPATORP) has had a tendency to be widened.We have constructed a 'pure' dynamical growth model and a general equilibrium model that covers the twist of labor markets and the disparity in the department's efficiency,to calibrate and analyze the formation of GBIOCUPATORP.The 'pure' dynamical growth model can better simulate the characteristics of the transfer of the labor force from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector,those of the gradual drop of the proportion of the agricultural departments to the national economy,and those of the gradual rise of the proportion of the non-agricultural sector to the national economy,but the results of the numerical simulation in not corresponding to the fact of GBIOCUPATORP.Then,we have resorted to the above-mentioned general equilibrium model to construct a model of GBIOCUPATORP.The results show that the formation of GBIOCUPATORP and the relations between GBIOCUPATORP,various economic systems,policies and variables can be reasonably interpreted within this general framework.With the method of parameter calibration and numerical simulation,we have found that this model we have constructed can be verified by the features of China's economy.

关 键 词：城乡收入差距 动态一般均衡 劳动力市场扭曲 效率差异 数值模拟 校准 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济] F249.2