冬小麦-夏玉米一体化垄作覆盖下农田土壤呼吸变化研究  

Dynamic Changes of Soil Respiration on Mulched Bed Planting Under Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Double Cropping Integration

作　　者：王同朝[1] 卫丽[1] 田原[1] 马超[1] 杜园园[1] 谭阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南省作物生长发育调控重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第9期1970-1974,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A07);河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(2009HASTIT006)

摘　　要：农田土壤呼吸释放CO2过程加强是导致全球气候变暖的重要途径。通过大田原位实验,研究了雨养条件下垄作覆盖保护性耕作技术条件对土壤呼吸季节性和作物生育后期日变化的影响。结果表明,冬小麦从越冬期到灌浆期,不同处理的土壤呼吸值均以垄作覆盖值最高,平作覆盖次之,平作的值最小,平作处理与其他处理间均达到极显著差异。灌浆期各处理土壤呼吸值达到最大,分别为4.95、4.69、4.4、2.61μmol·m-2·s-1;成熟期各处理间大小顺序依次为:平作覆盖处理>垄作覆盖处理>垄作处理>平作处理,平作覆盖与垄作覆盖分别与其他两个处理间达到极显著差异。玉米不同生育时期垄作覆盖处理土壤呼吸值均高于其他处理,平作处理的值最低,不同生育时期垄作覆盖与平作均达到极显著差异,不同处理在夏玉米抽雄期土壤呼吸值最高,成熟期最低。从冬小麦和夏玉米生长后期土壤温度(X)与土壤呼吸强度(Y)日变化看,两者呈显著线形关系,其直线回归方程分别为:Y=0.1704X-0.6372(R2=0.882**),Y=0.1039X+1.2073(R2=0.8802**)。显然,同传统的种植模式相比,雨养条件下垄作秸秆覆盖保护性耕作技术模式增大了向大气环境释放CO2温室气体的数量。The atmospheric CO2 concentration released by soil respiration from farmlands results in the global temperature increase as well as the changes of worldwide climate. The effect of mulching and bed planting on soil respiration under rain-fed conditions were examined via in-situ experiments with four treatments as mulched bed planting（MBP）, pure bed planting（PBP）, mulched flat planting（MFP）and pure flat planting（PFP）. The results showed that from the initial growth of winter wheat to grain-filling stage MBP had the highest soil respiration, then PBP, MFP and PFP. The soil respiration value reached the maximum at the grain-filling stage with 4.95 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 4.69μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 4.4 μmol·m^-2·s^-1and 2.61μmol·m^-2·s^-1 for MBP, MFP, PBP and PFP, respectively. The seasonal and daily changes of soil respiration for summer maize had the similar trends as compared with the whole growing period of winter wheat. Soil temperature was one of key factors that drive the changes of soil respiration. The relationship between soil surface temperature and soil respiration demonstrated significant linear regression at which formulae Y=0.170 4X-0.637 2（R^2=0.882^＊＊）and Y=0.103 9X＋1.207 3（R^2=0.880 2^＊＊）were established for winter wheat and summer maize, respectively. Therefore, as compared with traditional fiat planting, mulched bed-planting increased the CO2 release into the atmosphere by enhanced soil respiration under rain-fed conditions.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 垄作覆盖 土壤呼吸 

分 类 号：S152.6[农业科学—土壤学]