稀土贮氢合金的相结构研究  被引量:10

Study on phase structure of hydrogen storage alloys

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作  者:王超群[1] 靳红梅[1] 王宁[1] 李国勋[1] 应启明[1] 

机构地区:[1]北京有色金属研究总院

出  处:《电源技术》1998年第3期107-110,138,共5页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基  金:国家自然科学基金

摘  要:根据合金化原理,从合金相结构的角度,探讨合金优化时相结构对电极性能如放电容量和循环寿命等方面的影响。具有hP6-CaCu5型结构的单相LaNi5存在一个大的均相区,并为吸氢提供大量的四面体和八面体间隙位置。快凝下非化学计量AB5+x贮氢合金,由于过剩B原子的插入而产生各向异性变形晶体点阵也即a轴减小c轴增加。经退火后变形晶体点阵得以弛予形成双相合金。面心立方NiCO3和六方的MoCO3相有利于电极综合性能的提高。对于富稀土混合稀土贮氢合金,MmNi(Mm:混合稀土)相在晶界择优沉淀,抗氧化能力降低;而贫稀土的合金AlNi3在晶界择优沉淀,大大地降低放电容量和循环寿命。原位X射线衍射方法是研究气相吸放氢等温过程及原位相结构点阵膨胀的有效方法。According to the alloying principle,the influence of phase structure with the optimization of alloy composition on the electrode properties,such as discharge capacity and cyclic life,has been reviewed.A single phase LaNi5 with hP6CaCu5 type structure has a large homogeneous region and a lot of tetrahedral and octahedral lattice defects for hydrogen absorption.Nonstoichiometry AB5+x materials prepared under the rapid solidification produced the anisotropic crystal lattices,i.e.decreased aaxis and increased caxis,resulting from the excess of Belements incorporated in the hP6CaCu5 type structure.After annealing,the deformed crystal lattice can be relaxed to form the doublephase alloy.Facecentered cubic NiCO3 and hexagonal MoCO3 were found to be beneficial to the electrode properties.For the Mmrich alloy [Mmx(NiCoMnAl)5],MmNi phase precipitated at the grain boundaries was less resistant to the oxidation.For the Mmdeficient alloy (AlNi3),AlNi3 phase precipitated at grain boundaries caused a significant decrease in capacity and the cycle life.XRD analysis is well adapted to gas phase absorptiondesorption isotherms and the lattice expansion in situ.

关 键 词:稀土贮氢合金 相结构 放电 碱性蓄电池 

分 类 号:TM912.203[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]

 

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