青海省三江源地区鼠疫自然疫源地空间结构研究  

Investigation on the space structure of plague natural foci in the Sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai Province

作　　者：李超[1] 郑谊[1] 王虎[1] 王祖郧[1] 王丽[1] 魏绍振[1] 崔百忠[1] 王国钧[1] 陈洪舰[1] 祁芝珍[1] 杨永海[1] 汪元忠[1] 赵海红[1] 何键[1] 魏荣杰[1] 魏有文[1] 罗军[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2009年第5期522-526,共5页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的探讨青海省三江源地区鼠疫自然疫源地空间结构，为控制人间鼠疫发生和制订鼠疫防治对策提供理论依据。方法收集1954—2006年间三江源地区鼠疫疫源地调查和鼠疫监测资料，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果三江源地区存在有2种类型的鼠疫自然疫源地——喜马拉雅旱獭和青海田鼠鼠疫疫源地，斧形盖蚤、谢氏山蚤、细钩黄鼠蚤、直缘双蚤指名亚种为主要媒介。青海田鼠疫源地分布在称多县、珍秦乡，约9500km^2。喜马拉雅旱獭疫源地分布在13个县，约107000km^2。截至2006年底，自6种啮齿类、6种食肉类、3种偶蹄类和9种媒介昆虫检出鼠疫菌450株。1960～2006年，发现鼠疫病人238例，死亡134例，人间鼠疫病例出现在每年的5—11月份，主要有3种病型，腺鼠疫占17．23％（41／238）、败血型鼠疫占16．81％（40／238）、肺鼠疫占61．34％（146／238），而其他型鼠疫占4．62％（11／238），但每次流行的首发病例仍以腺鼠疫为主。结论鼠疫仍然是三江源地区面临的主要公共卫生问题。要做好鼠疫流行重点地区的防治工作，完善各项防治措施，加强鼠疫科研，建立健全鼠疫疫情报告网络，减少人类鼠疫病例的发生。Objective To investigate the space structure of plague natural foci in the area of Lantsang, Yellow and Yangtse River in Qinghai Province to provide references for making decisions to control the occurrence of human plague. Methods Data was collected from the survey on natural foci and surveillance of plague from 1954 to 2006 and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results Marmata himalayana and Microtus fuscus natural foci were known in Sanjiangyuan area. Callopsylla dolabris, Oropsylla silantiewi, Citellophilus sparsilis and Amphipsylla tuta were vectors; Microtus fuscus plague natural loci was in a range of about 9500 km^2, distributing in Zhenqin Town, Chengduo County. Marmata himalayana plague natural foei distributed over 13 countries, a range nearly 107 000 km^2. By the end of 2006, 450 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected and separated from 6 kinds of rodents, 6 kinds of carnivora, 3 kinds of artiodactyls and 9 insects vectors. Between 1960 and 2006, 238 eases and 134 deaths from plague were reported. Most human plague eases occurred in the months from May to November and usually presented as one of three primary forms-bubonic 17.23%（41/238）, septicemic 16.81% （40/238）, pneumonic 61.34% （146/238） and other types 4.62% （11/238）. However, the first epidemic plague ease was mainly the glandular plague. Conclusions Date suggested that plague is still a critical public health problem in Sanjiangyuan area, against which countermaeasure needs to be strengthened in the main epidemic areas. More scientific researches on plague should be carried out. Surveillance networks of reporting suspected plague have been established and reduce the number of human plague cases.

关 键 词：鼠疫 数据收集 统计学分布 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]