2006和2007年吉林省地方性砷中毒全国重点监测结果分析  

Results and analysis on the national key monitoring of endemic arsenism in Jilin Province in 2005 and 2006

作　　者：卢振明[1] 佟建冬[1] 张海涛[1] 张秀丽[1] 梁宝成[2] 张春雨[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省地方病第一防治研究所地氟(砷)病研究室,白城137000 [2]吉林省通榆县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2009年第5期551-553,共3页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：卫生部疾控司委托项目（2005）

摘　　要：目的了解2006和2007年吉林省地方性砷中毒全国重点监测县（通榆）和所属监测点（白音吐海村）地方性砷中毒（地砷病）现状、防治措施落实情况及防治效果。方法2006和2007年，按照《全国地方性砷中毒监测方案》，调查通榆县的防砷改水进度、改水工程的管理和使用情况及饮水含砷量。在监测点普查居民砷中毒患病情况，检测改水后的饮水含砷量、8～12岁儿童及18岁以上成人尿砷，调查监测点年内居民死亡原因。水砷和尿砷测定采用AFS-930双道原子荧光光度法。结果通榆县共有地砷病病区30个，高砷区157个．总人口为57576人。2006年有已改水病区6个，改水率为20．0％（6／30），6个改水工程均可正常使用，受益人口1670人；有已改水高砷区8个，改水率为5．09％（8／157），8个改水工程均正常使用，受益人口4350人。2007年有已改水病区28个，改水率为93．33％（28／30），28个改水工程均可正常使用，受益人口7980人；有已改水高砷区共148个，改水率为94．27％（148／157），148个改水工程均正常使用，受益人口46214人。监测点2006年水砷在0．004—0．005mg／L；2007年在0．010～0．021mg／L，均在正常范围之内。2006年8—12岁儿童尿砷均值为0．024mg／L，波动范围为0．005～0．048mg／L。2007年成人尿砷均值为0．019mg/L，波动范嗣为0．005～0．087mg／L，尿砷均在正常范围之内。2006年查出砷中毒患者14例，均为轻度患者，检出率6．19％（14／226）;2007年查出砷中毒患者17例，均为轻度患者，检出率6．94％（17／245）。两年检出率比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．1059，P〉0．05）。2006和2007年监测点各死亡2例，死亡原因分别是肝癌、脑出血和尿毒症，死亡病例无饮高砷水历史。结论通榆县降砷改水防治措施落实较好，且改水工程均可正常使用；监测点砷中毒病情较轻，�Objective To explore the present condition of endemic arsenism, the implementation of control measures and the effect of the monitored county （Tongyu County ） and the monitoring spot （Baiyintuhai Village） in 2006 and 2007. Methods According to the National Survey Scheme of Endemic Arsenism, the progress of anti-arsenic water in Tongyu, and the management and running of all engineering projects and the arsenic content in water were surveyed. The patients with endemic arsenism in Tongyu were generally surveyed. The arsenic content of the improved drinking water in Tongyu and the arsenic in urine of children aged 8 - 12 and adults over 18 years of age were determinted. The causes of resident death in the monitoring spot from the year of 2006 and 2007 were investigated. Arsenic content of drinking water and the urine of local residents was examined with ＂Model AFS-930 Double-Channel Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer＂. Results There were 30 endemic arsenism areas, 157 areas with high arsenic content and all population of 57 576 in Tongyu. Six areas had improved water till 2006, where 20.0% of water had improved, and six water-improving projects were all running normally,benefiting a population of 1670. Eight high arsenic areas changed water, in a rate of 5.09%. Eight water-improving projects were functioning well, benefiting a population of 4350. Until 2007, 28 areas had improved water in Tongyu, accounting for 93.33%. These 28 projects were well running, covering a population of 7980. One hundred and fouty-eight high arsenic areas had changed water, reaching a rate of 94.27%. One hundred and fouty-eight projects changedg water were running normally, benefiting a population of 46 214. In the surveyed spots, arsenic content was between 0.004 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L in 2006 and between 0.010 mg/L and 0.021 mg/L in 2007, all in the normal range to the time being. The arsenic contents in urine of the children aged 8 - 12 in the monitoring spots were determinted, averaging at 0.024 mg/L in 15 samples, fluctuating be

关 键 词：砷中毒 饮水 环境监测 人群监测 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]