SBR法常、低温下生活污水短程硝化的实现及特性  

Partial nitrification via nitrite at ordinary and low temperatures in an SBR treating domestic wastewater

作　　者：郑雅楠[1] 淹川哲夫 郭建华[3] 王淑莹[1] 黄惠珺[1] 王中玮[1] 彭永臻[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点实验室,北京100124 [2]前桥工科大学,日本前桥371-0816 [3]哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2009年第9期935-940,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家“863”项目(2006AA06Z319);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50778005)

摘　　要：采用序批式反应器(SBR)处理实际生活污水,通过实时控制好氧曝气时间,在常温下快速实现短程硝化,并在低温下长期维持稳定的短程硝化.结果表明,随着温度逐渐降低,比氨氧化速率略微减缓,27℃的平均比氨氧化速率是13℃时的1.68倍,但亚硝化积累率始终维持在90%以上,该温度区间内氨氧化反应的温度系数为1.051.通过荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对低温下维持稳定短程硝化的污泥进行种群分析发现,实时控制策略为氨氧化菌(AOB)成为优势硝化菌群创造了有利条件,AOB的相对百分含量达到8%～9%,而亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)逐渐被淘洗出反应器.在低温下要实现短程硝化,可首先在常温下利用好氧曝气时间实时控制实现亚硝态氮的积累和AOB的优势生长,然后通过逐渐降温使AOB适应在低温下生长.Through real-time aeration duration control, partial nitrification was carried out in a lab-scale SBR at normal temperatures and maintained for a long time even at low temperatures. The specific ammonia oxidation rate would be reduced with decrease of the temperature. The average specific ammonia oxidation rate at 27℃ was 1.68 times of that at 13℃. The temperature coefficient of ammonia oxidation reaction in the reactor was ascertained 1.501 according to the Arrhenius expression. When nitrite accumulation ratio was steadily kept over 90%, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was used to detect the sludge population structure, which showed the proportion of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria （NOB） was 8%-9% and lower than 0.5%, respectively. The real-time control strategy had a positive effect on the enrichment of AOB and the limitation or wash-out of NOB. An advisable start up strategy to operate a partial nitrification system at low temperatures could have two steps, obtaining firstly the selective enrichment of AOB as well as the washout of NOB by real-time aeration duration control under ordinary temperatures, and then making the biomass slowly adapt to low temperatures.

关 键 词：SBR 短程硝化 氨氮化菌(AOB) 实时控制 荧光原位杂交技术(FISH) 生物脱氮 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]