北京平原区紫花苜蓿最佳秋季刈割时期研究  

Research on the optimum time of fall cutting of alfalfa in Beijing plain

作　　者：武瑞鑫[1] 孙洪仁[1] 孙雅源[1] 李品红[1] 谢勇[1] 刘爱红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第9期113-118,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农业部"948"国际先进农业科技引进重大专项"优质草产品加工技术"(2006-G38);科技部"十一五"科技支撑"优质草产品加工与高效利用关键技术研究"(2006BAD16B03);农业部公益性行业科研专项"人工草地优质牧草生产技术研究与示范"(nyhyzx07-022)

摘　　要：研究了秋季刈割时期对北京平原区中苜1号紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa当茬产草量、牧草含水量、茎叶比、越冬前再生高度、越冬率和越冬后头茬产草量的影响。结果表明：杀霜前随着秋季刈割时期延后当茬产草量呈逐渐升高趋势（P〈0.05）,而杀霜后呈降低趋势;初霜前含水量处于恒定状态,初霜后逐渐降低,杀霜后大幅度下降（P〈0.05）;杀霜后茎叶比升高明显（P〈0.05）;杀霜前随着刈割时期延后越冬前再生高度逐渐降低,杀霜后不再变化;增加1次秋季刈割及秋季不同时期刈割对北京平原区中苜1号紫花苜蓿越冬率没有显著影响;杀霜前随着秋季刈割时期延后越冬后头茬产草量呈逐渐升高趋势（P〈0.05）,秋季刈割最早处理组的越冬后头茬产草量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,其他各杀霜前刈割处理组均与对照差异不显著。初步结论为：北京平原区可以进行紫花苜蓿秋季刈割;北京平原区紫花苜蓿秋季刈割的最敏感时期大致为与前次刈割间隔〈8周、≥5℃有效积温〈720℃,与杀霜日间隔〉3周,≥5℃有效积温〉90℃;北京平原区紫花苜蓿秋季刈割的最佳时期大致为与前次刈割间隔8-11周、≥5℃有效积温760-800℃,与杀霜日间隔0-3周,≥5℃有效积温0-40℃。The influences of fall cutting and the cutting time on forage yield of the fall cutting, moisture content of forage, ratio of stem and leaf, regrowth height of alfalfa before winter, over wintering rate, yield of the first cutting in the next year of the ＇Zhongmu 1＇ alfalfa（Medicago sativa） in Beijing plain were investigated. The results showed that before the killing frost, yield of the fall cutting increased gradually with the delay of the fall cutting time（P〈0.05）,but it decreased after the killing frost. Moisture content of forage kept constant before the first frost, increased gradually after the first frost, while decreased significantly after the killing frost（P〈0.05）. Ratio of stem and leaf increased significantly after the killing frost（P〈0.05）, regrowth height of alfalfa before winter decreased gradually with the delay of the cutting time before the killing frost, kept constant after the killing frost. An additional fall cutting and different cutting time had no significant effects on the over wintering rate of ＇Zhongmu 1＇alfalfa. Yield of the first cutting in the next year increased gradually with the delay of the cutting time before the killing frost（P〈0.05） ,the earliest cutting were significantly lower than control（P〈0.05）,the others before the killing frost were not significant compared with control. The preliminary conclusion showed that the fall cutting in Beijing plain was feasible, the fall cutting critical period of alfalfa in Beijing plain was the interval time between the last summer cutting and the fall cuttingless than 8 weeks（≥5 ℃ available accumulated temperature〈 720 ℃）, the interval time between the first killing frost and the fall cutting more than 3 weeks （≥5 ℃ available accumulated temperature〉90 ℃）. The optimum fall cutting period of alfalfa in Beijing plain was8-11 weeks of the interval time between the last summer cutting and the fall cutting （≥5 ℃ available accumulated temperature was 760-800 ℃）, 0-3 wee

关 键 词：北京平原区 紫花苜蓿 秋季刈割 秋季敏感期 产草量 越冬率 杀霜 

分 类 号：S541.901[农业科学—作物学]