太行山针、阔叶森林凋落物分解及养分归还比较  

Comparison of Nutrient Return and Litter Decomposition between Coniferous and Broad-leaved Forests in Hilly Region of Taihang Mountains

作　　者：赵勇[1] 吴明作[1] 樊巍[2] 高喜荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学环境系,郑州450002 [2]河南省林业科学研究院,郑州450003

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2009年第9期1616-1624,共9页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD03A1102);河南省科技攻关项目(0624090010)

摘　　要：为了解太行山地区针、阔叶森林凋落物分解特征，以刺槐和侧柏人工林为对象，采用样地调查法，对其凋落物养分归还和营养元素周转进行了研究，结果表明：侧柏和刺槐林年凋落总量分别为7494．71和5372．34kg／hm^2；凋落物中落叶比重最大。为减少养分流失，阔叶林树刺槐的N、P养分回流现象明显，其中N回流率约为34％～53％，P回流率约为28％～56％；而针叶树侧柏的养分回流现象不明显。森林凋落物3种元素含量以Ca最高，其次是N，含量最低的是P；阔叶林凋落物中N、P含量明显高于针叶林。凋落物N、P迁移符合富集一释放模式；Ca为直接释放类型。刺槐凋落物分解速率明显快于侧柏，其完全分解时间分别为7．7和12．8a。侧柏在养分年归还总量、Ca的年释放率以及P、Ca的周转时间方面要优于刺槐，而刺槐在N、P年释放率以及N周转时间方面比侧柏有优势。Based on the plot investigation and litter decomposition trial, this paper studied the litter decomposition and returning and the nutrient turnover of Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Platy- cladus orientalis forest in hilly region of Taihang Mountain to understand nutrient cycle characteristics of needle-leaved forest and broad-leaved forest in the study area. The results showed that the litter of these two stands mainly composed of defoliates, with total amount of 7 494. 71 kg · hm^-2 in Platycladus orientalis stand and 5 372.34 kg · hm^-2 in Robinia pseudoacacia stand, respectively. In the litters of these two stands, the content of nutrient element of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium is sequenced as Ca 〉 N 〉 P, but in Robinia pseudoacacia forest, the content of N and P in the litter is obviously higher than that of in Platycladus orientalis forest, while as the content of nutrient Ca, no obvious difference. Before falling in autumn and winter, the nutrient N retained 34% -53% in the Robinia pseudoacacia stand, but no obvious retaining in Platycladus orientalis stand. The yearly decomposition rate of litter in Robinia pseudoacacia stand is faster than that in Platycladus orientalis stand, with the decomposition rate of 0. 05 and 0. 03, respectively. The totally decomposition time （t0.99） is 7.7a and 12. 8a respectively. The nutrient N and P in these two stands act as accumulation-release mode, as for nutrient Ca, the direct release mode. The yearly release rate of N in Robinia pseudoacacia stand is about 45 %, while in Platycladus orientalis stand 30% ; as for P in Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis stand, 34. 12% and 32. 47% respectively ; while for Ca, the rate in Platycladus orientalis stand （47.56%） is higher than that in Robinia pseudoacacia stand （41.68%）. Totally returned amount of N, P and Ca by litter in Platycladus orientalis stand （337. 12 kg · hm^-2） is higher than that in Robinia pseudoacacia stand （286.52 kg· hm^-2）, in which, N and P returned more in Robin

关 键 词：森林生态学 凋落物分解 常规分析法 养分归还 刺槐人工林 侧柏人工林 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]