云南栽培的材油兼用型桉树的桉叶油产油性能研究  

Study on Oil Production Performance of Eucalyptus Cultivated in Yunnan Province

作　　者：石忠强 张荣贵[2] 蒋云东[2] 李思广[2] 余文辉 

机构地区：[1]富民县农林局,云南富民650400 [2]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2009年第3期45-51,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

摘　　要：以直干桉为代表,对云南栽培的材油兼用型桉树进行了(1)林木不同修叶量与其生长量关系的研究;(2)不同栽培型的林木桉叶产量及不同坡向种植的林木桉叶出油率;(3)不同采叶季节的桉叶出油率;(4)鲜叶及自然风干叶的桉叶出油率等的桉叶油产油性能研究。其系列研究结果表明:桉树林木的修叶量以修叶高度占植株树冠长度1/3为标准进行,此修叶标准不影响桉树的生长;桉叶产量与种植地的立地条件和栽培型密切相关,只有在种植地立地条件较好,经营水平较高的条件下,才能使所栽培的桉树林木获得较高的桉叶产量;生长在阳坡的桉树其桉叶的出油率较阴坡高,但差异不显著;在桉树生长缓慢的季节,其林木桉叶的出油率较生长迅速季节高,但差异不显著;自然风干叶较鲜叶出油率高,但差异不显著。此外,对云南栽培的几种材油兼用型桉树的桉叶油产油性能比较的研究结果则表明:直干桉、蓝桉、史密斯桉单位面积的产叶量、桉叶产油量有一定差异,但差异不显著。桉叶油中所含的桉叶素以史密斯桉最高,为81.6%,其次是直干桉,为71.1%,蓝桉为69.2%。Using Eucalyptus maideni as the representative species,the oil production performance of eucalyptus cultivated in Yunnan province was studied from the following 4 aspects： 1） Relationship between leaf cutting amount and growth increment;2） Leaf yield of different cultivation modes and oil yield of eucalyptus cultivated in different aspects;3） oil yield of leaves in different seasons;4） Oil yield of fresh leaf and air-dry leaf.The study results show that the proper leaf cutting amount is 1/3 of the length of crown,this extend of leaf cutting will not influence the growth of tree.The leaf yield is closely related to site condition and cultivation mode,only under relatively good conditions and with high management level,high yield of leaf can be obtained.The plants in sunny slope have higher oil yield than those cultivated in shade slope,the difference is not significant.The oil yield of leaves in plants in slow growing season is higher than plants in fast growing season,however the difference is not significant.The oil yield of air-dry leaves is higher than fresh leaves,the difference is not significant.The comparison on several eucalyptus species cultivated in Yunnan province shows that leaf yield and oil yield of E.maideni,E.globulus and E.smithii are significantly different from each other,the differences are not significant.Cineole in E.smithii is the highest（81.6 %）,next come E.maideni（71.1 %） and E.globulus（69.2 %）.

关 键 词：云南 材油兼用型桉树 桉叶油 产油性能 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种]