保试达(GLA)防除香蕉园杂草的药效及其对杂草群落的动态影响  

Weed Control Effect and Dynamic Effect of a New Herbicide Glufosinate Ammonium on Weed Community in Banana Plantations

作　　者：谭乾开[1,2] 黎华寿[1] 廖昌庆 李水源 李娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农业部生态农业重点实验室,广州510640 [2]恩平市农业技术推广服务中心,广东恩平529400 [3]恩平市农业局,广东恩平529400 [4]恩平市农业科学技术研究所,广东恩平529400

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2009年第6期838-845,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(No.2006CB1000206);国家自然科学基金(No.30870413)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究新型膦酸类除草剂保试达(glufosinate-ammonium,GLA)防除香蕉园杂草的药效、杀草谱、安全性以及杂草群落次生演替动态,共设保试达200,250,300g/666.7m2,克芜踪250g/666.7m2,百速顿250g/666.7m2和清水对照6个处理。结果表明,保试达防除香蕉园杂草的药效均比克芜踪、百速顿好,防效的差异达极显著水平;保试达对优势杂草小飞蓬[Conyza canadensis(L.)Cronq]防效达到100%;各处理对香蕉主茎植株无任何药害,但对香蕉基部蘖芽伤害水平达3～4级;处理试验45d后,克芜踪处理的杂草群落多样性的丰富度、均匀度、密度-类群等指数显著区别于3个浓度的保试达试验处理,各处理的群落间相似性指数差异十分显著。综合分析可得,保试达250～300g/666.7m2对香蕉园恶性和抗性杂草有较好防效功能,对香蕉园杂草群落次生演替有显著抑制作用。Under field conditions, a new type of herbicide glufosinate ammonium（GLA） imported was applied to control weeds in banana plantations to evaluate its weed control efficacy, its safety, and its effect on succession of the weed communities. In the experiment 3 herbicides were spary with 6 treatments： the imported GLA at 200 g/mu （1/15 hm2 or 666.7 m2） , 250 g/mu and 300 g/mu; paraquat at 250 g/mu; home made GLA at 250 g/mu; and a water control （CK） . The imported GLA controlled weeds most effectively in the banana plantations among the herbicides tested, and was highly significantly different in control efficacy from the other 2 herbicides, paraquat and the home made GLA. The imported GLA controlled 100% of the dominant weed Gonyza canadensis （L.） Cronq. No herbicide injury was found to banana pseudostems in each treatment but to the suckers of banana at severity levels 3-4. After 45 days of the experiment the paraquat and the homemade GLA treatments were highly significantly different from the imported GLA treatments at 3 levels in population density, species richness, diversity index （Shannon Wiener index） and evenness of weed communities, indicating faster succession of secondary weed communities that the imported GLA treatments. An obvious difference was observed in species similarity index among the weed communities in all the treatments. It is concluded that the imported GLA treatments at 250-300 g/mu are better than the other herbicide treatments in control of hard-to-control weeds, which has an obvious inhibitory impact to succession of weed communities in the banana plantations.

关 键 词：除草剂 保试达 香蕉 杂草 群落次生演替 

分 类 号：S482.46[农业科学—农药学] Q145[农业科学—植物保护]