金安桥水电站渣场边坡植物防治灌草种的选择  

Selection of Shrub and Grass Species for the Side-slope Plant Protection at Dumpling Pile of Jin'anqiao Hydropower Station

作　　者：余德恒[1] 陈奇伯[1] 王克勤[1] 柳小强[1] 雷俊杰 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院环境科学与工程系,昆明650224 [2]金安桥水电站有限公司,云南丽江674100

出　　处：《亚热带水土保持》2009年第3期12-15,共4页Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(20070065M);西南林学院重点科研基金项目(200509Z)

摘　　要：工程边坡植物防护的主体是植物,灌草种选择需以气候条件、边坡坡度、弃渣特性等为基础。以金沙江干流河道金安桥水电站同时具有明挖和洞挖弃渣的2#渣场为例,通过渣场边坡可绿化条件分析,对植物措施灌草种进行选择确定。弃渣颗粒径级分析结果显示,洞挖边坡弃渣颗粒>4mm的粒径组成百分含量为91.63%,>2mm颗粒的累计百分含量高达96.75%,比农地表土层同径级颗粒含量分别高48.87和27.45个百分点,保水保肥能力差,植物防治绿化前需覆土改良。10种灌草种发芽和播种试验结果表明,明挖边坡弃渣的发芽率和苗木保存率最好,木豆的发芽率和保存率最高;明挖弃渣播种后发芽率在60%以上,56d苗木保存率>80%的6种灌草种的适应性依次为:木豆、大翼豆、狗牙根、麻风树、银合欢和车桑子,均可用于渣场边坡植物防治灌草种,满足渣场边坡的防护要求。The basis of the side - slope plant prevention is plant. Selection of shrub and grass species for the side - slope plant prevention at the dumpling pile of hydropower station need to consider synthetically the weather conditions, the gradient of side - slope, the character of the dumpling and the planting purpose, etc. Taking the 2# dumpling pile as the example which include both the open - cut and hole dumpling at the Jin＇anqiao Hydropower Station on the main river - way of Jinsha River, the analysis is conducted to the afforestation conditions at the side - slope of slag dump to select and identify the shrub and grass of the plant measures. The result of dumpling granulometric analysis shows that the composition percent of dumpling grain size larger than 4mm after hole dumpling of side - slope is 91.63%, while the accumulated percent of the dumpling grain size larger than 2mm reaches 96.75%, which are 48. 87% and 27.45% higher than that of dumpling of same grain size at the topsoil layer of farm land, respectively. With the features of poor water and nutrient conservation capacity, it is necessary to conduct the earth sheltered plantation before the afforestation. The results of germination and insemination tests for ten species of shrub and grass show that the ger mination rate and seedling survival rate at the open - cut dumpling of side - slope is the best, of which the rate of Cajanucajan Millsp is highest. The adaptability of six species shrub and grass are in sequence the Cajanucajan Millsp, Macroptilium, Cynodon dactylon （ L. ） Pars, Jatropha, Leucaena glaucaand Dodonaea viscosa（ linn. ） Jacq, with more than 60% of germination and more than 80% seedling survival rate in 56 days. All these six species of shrub and grass can be used as the side - slope prevention plant on the side - slope of slag dump to meet the demand of prevention of the side -slope in the dumpling pile.

关 键 词：水电站 弃渣场 植物防治 灌草 

分 类 号：S157.433[农业科学—土壤学]