古尔班通古特沙漠区大沙鼠对荒漠植物群落的扰动效应  

Disturbance effects of Rhombomys opinms on desert plant community in Gurbantonggut Desert.

作　　者：杨维康[1] 蒋慧萍[1] 王雪芹[1] 徐文轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第10期2020-2025,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划"联合学者"项目;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX3-SW-343)

摘　　要：2006年5月,调查了大沙鼠洞区和对照区植物种类组成、盖度、密度、地上生物量,研究了大沙鼠对古尔班通古特沙漠植物群落物种组成和植被结构的影响。使用Mann-Whitney U检验表明,洞区植物种数(16.1)显著高于对照区(13.8)(Z=2.436,P<0.05);洞区半灌木种数(0.8)显著低于对照区(1.9)(Z=3.442,P<0.01)。受大沙鼠扰动影响,大沙鼠洞区植被平均盖度(2.40%±2.30%)显著低于对照区(14.46%±6.82%)(Z=3.63,P<0.01);大沙鼠洞区地上植物生物量(6.52g.m-2±6.30g.m-2)显著低于对照区(23.3g.m-2±12.85g.m-2,Z=3.708,P<0.01)。大沙鼠洞区Simpson指数(0.75±0.10,n=10)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.78±0.12,n=10)显著高于对照区Simpson指数(0.61±0.16)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.60±0.16)(t=2.362,P<0.05;t=2.948,P<0.01)。结果表明:大沙鼠的掘洞、采食行为能够提高古尔班通古特沙漠1年生植物的物种多样性,并导致半灌木衰败。洞区的植物群落在一定程度上显现出次生演替的特征。In May 2006, an investigation was made on the plant species composition, vegetation coverage, species density, and aboveground biomass at the Rhombomys opinms burrow sites and control sites in Gurbantonggut Desert, aimed to understand the disturbance effects of R. opinms on the plant species composition and vegetation structure in the Desert. Mann-Whitney U test showed that the plant species number at the burrow sites （ 16. 1 ） was significantly higher than at control sites （13.8） （Z = 2. 436, P 〈 0. 05 ）, while the sub-shrub species richness at the burrow sites （0. 8） was significantly lesser than that at the control sites （1.9） （Z =3.442, P 〈0.01 ）. Under the disturbance of R. opinms, the average vegetation coverage at the burrow sites （2.40% ± 2.30% ） was far lesser than that at the control sites （ 14. 46% ± 6.82% ） （ Z = 3.63, P 〈 0. 01, and the aboveground biomass at the burrow sites （6. 52 g·m^-2 -±6.30 g ·m^-2） was also lower than that at the control sites （23.3 g ·m^-2±12.85 g ·m^-2, Z=3.708, P〈0.01）. The Simpson Index （0. 75 ±0. 10, n = 10） and Shannon-Wiener Index （0. 78 ±0. 12, n = 10） of the burrow sites were significantly higher than those （0. 61 ±0. 16, n = 10; 0. 60 ±0. 16, n = 10） of the control sites （t = 2. 362, P 〈 0. 05 ; t = 2. 948, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Our results suggested that the burrowing and feeding activities of R. opinms increased the diversity of annul plants and induced the deterioration of sub-shrubs, and to some extent, the plant community at the burrow sites was characterized by secondary succession.

关 键 词：大沙鼠 洞穴 扰动 植物群落 古尔班通古特沙漠 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]