变应原检测和特异性免疫治疗中不良反应的分析  

Analysis of adverse effects of allergen test and allergen-specific immunotherapy

作　　者：兰贵超[1] 薛德厚[1] 王美若[1] 陈莉娜[1] 卢丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西第二医院儿童哮喘防治与研究中心,成都610041

出　　处：《中华哮喘杂志（电子版）》2009年第1期17-19,共3页Chinese Journal of Asthma(Electronic Version)

摘　　要：目的通过对变应原检测和特异性免疫治疗中不良反应的统计分析,了解所用制剂的安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2003年5月至2008年4月变应原检测及2005年5月至2008年4月变应原特异性免疫治疗临床资料,并对不良反应进行统计。采用标准化变应原皮肤点刺液进行变应原检测,使用标准化屋尘螨提取液皮下注射进行特异性免疫治疗。观察变应原检测及特异性免疫治疗中的不良反应发生情况,其严重度分级按欧洲变态反应和临床免疫学会标准。结果在10219例变应原检测中,有26例发生不良反应,占点刺总例数的0.25%,其中17例为2级不良反应,无4级不良反应发生。对166例变应原特异性免疫治疗的患儿,共注射3087人次,有8人,共25人次发生了全身不良反应,占注射总人次的0.81%。其中15例为2级不良反应,无4级不良反应发生。在本组患儿中,发生不良反应的的主要危险因素为高度敏感个体,有4人反复发生不良反应5次,1人反复发生3次。变应原检测显示,尘螨均为强阳性。由于观察细致,处理得当,患儿迅速恢复,无1例致命性不良反应发生。结论采用本文所使用的制剂作变应原检测和特异性免疫治疗,不良反应率均低,且程度不严重,说明其安全性良好。Objective To understand the safety of agents used for detection of allergen and allergen specific immunotherapy（SIT）, adverse reactions resulted from allergen skin prick test（SPT） and SIT were analyzed. Methods Adverse reactions of allergen SPT and SIT were analyzed retrospectively. Standardized allergen SPT agents were used to identify the hypersensitivity of allergies. Standardized house dust mite extract was applied for SIT. Adverse reactions was classified by the standards of European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Results 10 219 allergen tests were observed,out of which 26 cases had adverse reactions（0.25 %）. 17 cases among them were classified as second degree adverse reactions. No fourth degree adverse reactions were observed. 166 patients received 3 087 injections of SIT. Systemic adverse reactions occurred 25 times in 8 children which was 0.81% of the total injections. 15 cases had second degree adverse reactions. Nobody had fourth degree adverse reactions. The majority of children who had adverse reactions was hypersensitive to allergens, among them 4 cases had 5 times of adverse reactions each repeatedly. One had 3 times of adverse reactions during therapy. They all manifested strong positivity to house dust mite. Patients recovered rapidly after proper treatment and no fatal adverse reactions happened. Conclusions The occurrence of adverse reaction was low and less severe when the allergen test agents and standardized house dust mite extract were utilized. The safety of the agents are good.

关 键 词：不良反应 变应原检测 变应原特异性免疫疗法 

分 类 号：R725.622.5[医药卫生—儿科] R988.1[医药卫生—临床医学]