喀斯特高原山地水土流失影响因素及生态效益评价——以贵州毕节石桥小流域为例  被引量:11

Soil Erosion Factors and Eco-benefit Evaluation in the Karst Plateau-Mountain Region——with a Special Reference to Shiqiao Catchment of Bijie in Guizhou

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作  者:张芳挺[1] 熊康宁[1] 陈浒[1] 杨正怀[1] 樊云龙[1] 

机构地区:[1]贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001

出  处:《水土保持研究》2009年第5期88-92,97,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基  金:水利部科技创新项目(SCX2004-07);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAC01A09-07)

摘  要:为进一步认识喀斯特地区的水土流失影响因素及其生态效益,以喀斯特高原山地石漠化典型区贵州毕节石桥小流域为研究对象,通过对小流域的土壤物理特性和植被因子进行分析,结果表明:土壤机械组成直接影响径流区土壤的渗透能力,不同的土地利用类型水稳定性能相差较显著;土壤容重、持水率对水土流失的影响表现在土壤容重均较低,土壤结构较为疏松,依次是灌草丛地<(陡坡地)退耕还林地<缓坡耕地;植被覆盖的多少与水土流失的变化表现出很强的相关性,土壤侵蚀量与植被覆盖度在a=0.05水平显著相关,相关系数r=0.779,0.853,植被覆盖度愈大,侵蚀愈弱。喀斯特高原山地水土流失因素与土壤物理性质有着最直接、最敏感的相关性,以植被恢复及控制人为干扰来减少水土流失效果最佳,生态效益能实现最大化。该研究成果必将对同类喀斯特地区的水土流失治理起到积极作用,为喀斯特山区水土保持工作提供科学依据。To further understand influencing factors of soil erosion and its ecological benefits in Karst region, we took Shiqiao catchment of Bijie city in Guizhou as a study area, which was a representative rocky- desertifieation area in Karst plateau. Meanwhile, the soil physical properties and vegetation cover factors were researched in the area. And the results showed as following: Firstly, soil mechanical composition had a direct impact on soil infiltration capacity in the run-off area, and water stability displayed distinct differ- ences in various land-use types. Secondly, soil erosion caused that soil bulk density value was low and soil structure was relatively loose. And the increasing sequence of which was: shrub and grasslands land, (slopes land), returning farmland, forest land, gentle slope land. Thirdly, it showed a strong correlation between the number of vegetation cover and the changes in soil erosion. And when an equivalent reached 0.05, correlation coefficient r equivalent was 0. 779 and 0. 853 respectively. That was to say, the higher the vegetation cover showed, the weaker soil erosion was. In conclusion, the factors on soil erosion in Karst plateau had a direct and sensitive correlative association with the soil physical characteristics. And the best way to reduce soil erosion was vegetation restoration under human disturbance controlled, which can make the eco-efficieney maximized. In a word, the research was bound to play a positive role in the governance of soil erosion in the other similar Karst regions, besides, it can provide a scientific basis for the work of soil and water conservation in Karst mountainous areas.

关 键 词:喀斯特 高原山地 水土流失 生态效益 贵州 

分 类 号:S157[农业科学—土壤学] P642.25[农业科学—农业基础科学]

 

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