陕北油田土壤和地表水石油污染特征  

Features of Oil Pollution of Soil and Surface Water in Northern Shaanxi Oilfield,China

作　　者：李小利[1,2] 刘国彬[2] 许明祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学化学与化工学院,郑州450001 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第5期145-148,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中科院科学院西部行动计划(KZCX2-XB2-05);河南工业大学引进人才专项资助项目(150329);中科院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-421);973国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB407205);国家科技支撑课题(2006BAD09B03)

摘　　要：陕北黄土丘陵区大规模油田开发产生的石油污染对环境造成了一定的影响。为了解油田开发区(油区)石油污染特征,选取陕北油田开发体制不同的2个典型流域燕沟和巴家河,对油区土壤和地表水环境现状进行了调查和采样分析。结果表明,两个油区井场土壤都受到了不同程度的石油污染,土壤石油污染含量为5.5～131.2g/kg,其中原私人开发的巴家河油区污染更严重。采用单井脱水工艺的巴家河油区水体石油类污染指数严重超标,采用集中脱水工艺的燕沟油区水体则没有受到明显的石油污染,采油废水进入水体是前者石油类污染的主要原因。Oil pollution from the massive oil exploitation caused some impact on the environment in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi province. To understand the status quo of oil pollution of oilfield region, this study surveyed and analyzed samples of soil and water from two selected watersheds which were regarded as the representations for state and private investment respectively. Results showed that soils of the oil-well fields in the watersheds were all polluted with oil, oil content in the soils ranged from 5.5 to 131.2 g/kg, and oil pollution in privately owned Bajiahe oilfield was severer than state Yangou oilfield. Oil pollution of surface water went badly beyond the state limit in Bajiahe oilfield which adopted one-well technique to remove water from crude oil while there were nearly no water pollution in Yangou oilfield region which used a multi-well centralizing technique to dehydrate oil, and the reason of heavy oil pollution in Bajiahe watershed was mainly due to oil-bearing waste water poured into surface water.

关 键 词：陕北油田 土壤 地表水 石油污染 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]