定位施肥对冬小麦生长、产量及水分利用的影响  

Effects of Continuous Fertilization on the Growth,Yield and Water Consumption of Winter Wheat

作　　者：张益望[1,2] 刘文兆[1] 王俊[1,3] 杨玉玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100089 [3]西北大学城市与资源学系,西安710127

出　　处：《生态经济》2009年第10期35-39,共5页Ecological Economy

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-424);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-07)

摘　　要：基于长期定位施肥试验,研究了不同施肥对冬小麦生长、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明:不同施肥均能促进冬小麦株高、叶面积、生物量的增长,株高、叶面积、生物量均为:单施氮肥处理(N)高于不施肥处理(CK),氮磷配施处理(NP)显著高于CK和N处理,三个有机肥处理(M、NM和NPM)均较高。不同施肥对冬小麦光合速率影响显著,NPM处理的光合速率在各个生育期均最高;其次分别为NM处理和NP处理,而M处理在前期较高,后期下降较快,N和CK处理均较低。不同施肥处理小麦产量:NPM>NM>M>NP>N>CK,不同施肥均能显著增加小麦产量(增产量为341～4388kg/hm2),除M和NM处理,其他处理均有显著差异;冬小麦耗水量和水分利用效率均随施肥水平提高而增加,NPM和NP处理显著高于N和CK处理。表明在本试验年单施氮肥对小麦生长及产量影响较小,单施有机肥及不同肥料配施均能显著促进小麦生长及产量提高,有机肥的增产效应显著高于无机肥,其中NPM处理的产量及水分利用效率均最高。Based on the long-term fertilization experiments, effects of different fertilization on the growth, yield, and water consumption of winter wheat were studied. Results showed that different fertilization can increase wheat height, leaf area and biomass. The order of the treatments, in terms of wheat height, leaf area and biomass were in the same order： single nitrogen application treatment （N） was higher than no fertilization application treatment （CK）, mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus treatment （NP） was significantly higher than CK and N, the three manure treatment, single manure application treatment （M）, mixed application of nitrogen and manure （NM）, mixed application of nitrogen, phosphorus and manure （NPM） had the highest wheat height, leaf area and biomass. Photosynthetic rate was significantly affected by different fertilization levels, which increased with the increased fertilization level. NPM had the highest photosynthetic rate during the whole growing stages, NM and NP were lower, M had higher photosynthetic rate during prior grow thing stages, and declined fast during the latter growing stages, N and CK got the lowest photosynthetic rate during the whole growing stages. The order of the treatments, in terms of wheat yield was： NPM〉NM〉M〉NP〉N〉CK, different fertilization significantly increased wheat yield and different fertilization levels had different effects on wheat yield. The NPM treatment increased 4 388 kg/hm^2 crop yield than the treatment CK, but the treatment only increased 341kg/hm^2 crop yield. Crop yields of different fertilization treatments increased from 341-4 388kg/hm^2 than no fertilization treatment. Total water consumption increased with the fertilization level. Yield level and biomass level water use efficiency were in the same order： the NPM treatment and NP treatment both were significantly higher than the N and CK treatment. The results indicate the application of manure and the combined application of different fertilizer all ca

关 键 词：冬小麦 长期定位施肥 生长指标 水分利用效率 作物产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S512.11