干旱半干旱区地下水引起的生态效应的研究现状与发展趋势  

Reviews and prospects on eco-effect induced by groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions

作　　者：杨泽元[1] 王文科[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2009年第5期739-745,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40472131);国家重点基础发展规划项目(G1999043606);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2002D13);长安大学基金(05Q14)共同资助

摘　　要：以地下水与生态环境之间关系为出发点,从地下水与人类活动相互影响的互馈机制研究、地下水引起的生态效应机理及评价指标与模型研究三方面对干旱半干旱区地下水引起的生态效应的研究现状进行了评述,以地下水状态为核心,从地下水生态学学科的建立、面向生态的区域地下水资源评价理论与方法及地下水状态调控机理研究三方面展望了其发展趋势。Based on a large amount of articles and relevant documents, according to the relationship between groundwater and eco - environment, this paper elaborated the latest achievements of research on eco - effects in- duced by groundwater in arid and semi -arid regions from three aspects. Firstly, it was mutual back coupling mechanism between groundwater and human activities. On the one hand, abundance degree of groundwater re- sources, groundwater table and groundwater quality all could affect eco - environment. On the other hand, when human activities vary groundwater states obviously, which include buried depth of groundwater table, mineralization degree of groundwater, moisture content and salt content of aeration zones, positive or negative eco - effect would yield. Secondly, it was eco- effect mechanism induced by groundwater. The researches are mainly on the defini- tion and qualitative assessment of the optimal and critical groundwater states. Thirdly, it was assessment indexes and models. These assessment indexes all imposed on importance of groundwater states. Models mainly included assessment models, transport models of moisture content and salt content in aeration zones and management models etc, Based on the discussion above, around the core of groundwater states, the paper forecasts the prospects from three aspects as follows. Firstly, it is the foundation of groundwater ecology. On the base of analysis of supergene eco - effect of groundwater, from the point of sustainable development, eco - function, eco - value definition, its connotation and extension on groundwater should be discussed deeply. Then on the base of quality and energy con- servation principle, and base of researches of dynamic mechanism and cyclic process among atmospheric precipitati- on, surface water, aerizone water and groundwater, concepts, classifications, calculation means of eco - environ- ment water demand and percentage of all constituent should be defined and perfected. Because groundwater is relat- ed to food safety, life saf

关 键 词：地下水状态 生态效应 干旱半干旱地区 

分 类 号：P641.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]