太湖五里湖浮游植物群落结构特征分析  

Characteristic of phytoplankton community in Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu

作　　者：陈家长[1] 孟顺龙[1] 尤洋[1] 胡庚东[1] 瞿建宏[1] 吴伟[1] 范立民[1] 马晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心//中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1358-1367,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：无锡市发改委项目(2115019);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2009JBFB10);农业部渔业种质资源保护项目(6115048)

摘　　要：根据Jaccard相似性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Mcnaughton优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数研究了2008年太湖五里湖浮游植物的群落结构特征。2008年1—12月,五里湖共出现绿藻Chlorophyta、硅藻Bacillariophyta、蓝藻Cyanophyta、裸藻Euglenophyta、隐藻Cryptophyta、甲藻Pyrrophyta、黄藻Xanthophyta7门64种（包括变种和变型）。其中绿藻种数最多,共35种,占浮游植物总种数的54.7%;其次是蓝藻和裸藻,都为9种,均占浮游植物总种数的14.1%;硅藻7种,占浮游植物总种数的10.9%;隐藻2种,占浮游植物总种数的3.1%;甲藻和黄藻各一种,均占浮游植物总种数的1.6%。五里湖浮游植物数量和生物量分别变化在320.4×104～3390.6×104ind·L^-1和0.627～2.025mg·L^-1之间。浮游植物数量以夏末秋初最高,秋末最低;且除绿藻外,五里湖浮游植物的季节演替规律与PEG模型基本相似。相似性分析表明,浮游植物相似性指数变化在0.19-1之间;其中1月8日—4月3日的生境相似、4月23日—5月25日的生境相似、6月22日—8月12日的生境相似、8月28日—10月15日生境相似。优势度分析显示,浮游植物优势度指数变化在0.02～0.86之间,优势度不高;且除5月13日外,其他调查时间下的浮游植物优势种都在3种以上,优势种种数较多。多样性和均匀度分析显示,五里湖浮游植物多样性和均匀度分别变化在0.92～2.61和0.20～0.63,大多数调查时间下的浮游植物多样性和均匀度都较好,表明2008年五里湖浮游植物群落结构比较复杂、群落信息含量较大,群落结构处于较完整的状态。Phytoplankton community in Lake Wuli was analyzed with Jaccard similarity index, Pielou uniformity index, Mcnaughton predominance index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. There were 7 classes including 64 species of phytoplankton had been recorded in Lake Wuli. Among them, Chlorophyta was the predominant species, which had 35 species, accounted for 54.7% of the total species. Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta were recorded 9 species each, accounted for 14.1%. Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta and Xanthophyta were recorded 7, 2, 1, 1 species and accounted for 10.9%, 3.1%, 1.6%, 1.6% respectively. The Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in Lake Wuli during 2008 ranged from 320.4×10^4 ind.L^-1 to 3 390.6× 10^4 ind.L^-1 and 0.627 mg.L^-1 to 2.025 mg.L^-1 respectively. The peak of abundance was reported at the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, and the valley of abundance was reported in the end of autumn. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton was consistent with PEG （Plankton Ecology Group） model, except the Chlorophyta. The similarity index of phytoplankton in Lake Wuli ranged from 0.19 to 1 during 2008. It indicated that the eco-habitat was remain stable in Lake Wuli during the period of Jan. 8^th to Apr.3^th, Apr. 23^th to May 25^th, Jun. 22^th to Aug. 12^th, Aug. 28^th to Oct. 15^th. The predominant index ranged from 0.02 to 0.86. The predominant species in Lake Wuli was recorded more than 3 species, except on May 13^th. The diversity index and uniformity index ranged from 0.92 to 2.61 and 0.20 to 0.63, respectively. In conclusion, the phytoplankton community structure were in a complex, integrate state in Lake Wuli.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落 特征 太湖 五里湖 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]