异地栽培对云南粳稻育成品种品质性状的影响  

Effects of different planting places on rice quality of the improved japonica rice cultivars from Yunnan province,China

作　　者：赵国珍[1] 袁平荣[1] 杨世准 苏振喜[1] 朱振华[1] 蒋聪[1] 邹茜[1] 戴陆园[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粳稻育种中心,云南昆明650205 [2]韩国农村振兴厅国家作物科学院

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1460-1466,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技攻关项目(2006NG04);云南省技术创新人才培养项目(2008PY089);中韩国际合作项目

摘　　要：以15个云南粳稻育成品种(Oryza sativaL.)为试验材料,研究异地栽培对稻米品质性状的影响。结果表明:云南粳稻在温度相对较高的韩国水原种植,其粒长、粒宽、垩白粒率、精米白度、味度值、最高黏度值、崩解值极显著增加,长宽比、糙米率、精米率、整精米率、碱消值、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、消减值和到达最高黏度时间极显著降低,而最低黏度值、最终黏度值和起浆温度不因栽培环境改变而发生明显变化。品质性状对栽培环境的反应不仅与具体的品质性状有关,也与品种密切相关。对环境反应最敏感的品质性状是垩白粒率,环境反应指数变幅为100.3%～2077.8%,平均值为318.9%,变异系数为204.7%。其次依次是崩解值、消减值和精米白度,环境反应指数分别为202.8%、47.5%和123.1%,对环境反应最迟钝的品质性状是起浆温度和粒长,环境反应指数分别为100.2%和97.3%,其余性状对环境反应较敏感。最低黏度和最终黏度值对环境反应在品种间存在较大差异,有的品种在韩国水原种植这两项特征值增加,有的品种则降低。The effects of planting environments on rice quality traits were studied by using fifteen improved japonica rice cultivars （ Oryza sativa L. ） from Yunnan Province, China. The results indicated that the grain length, grain width, percentage of chalky flee, whiteness degree, taste meter value, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity significantly increased while grain length-width ratio, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, alkali digestion value, amylose content, protein content, setback viscosity and time reaching peak viscosity markedly decreased when the cultivars were planted at Korea low altitude regions compared with at Yunnan high altitude regions. However, the other grain traits such as trough viscosity, final viscosity and pasting temperature were not significantly affected by their planting environments. The grain quality traits were affected by planting environments and genotypes of cultivars as well. The percentage of chalky rice was affected mostly by planting environments according to ERI（environment response index）. The range of their ERI was 100.3% to 2 077.8% with an average of 318.9% and a CV% of 204.7%, respectively. The effect of planting environments on rice grain breakdown viscosity was higher than setback viscosity, higher than whiteness degree. The ERI of breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity and whiteness degree were 202.8%, 47.5%, 123.1%, respectively. However, pasting temperature and grain length were not affected by planting environments, and their ERI were 100.2% and 97.3%. Other grain traits were affected to some extent by planting environments. There were significant differences of effects of planting environment on trough viscosity and final viscosity among the 15 cultivars. That means the trough viscosity and final viscosity of some cultivars increased while other cultivars decreased at Korea low altitude places compared with at Yunnan high altitude places.

关 键 词：云南粳稻育成品种 栽培环境 品质性状 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]