太湖平原农田区域地表水特征及对氮磷流失的影响  

Surface water characteristics of farmlands area and the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farmland in Taihu Lake region

作　　者：张继宗[1] 张维理[1] 雷秋良[1] 刘宏斌[1] 冀宏杰[1] 张怀志[1] 武淑霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部作物营养与施肥重点实验室//中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1497-1503,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部973项目(G1999011806;2002CB410800);国家科技攻关计划(2004BA516A02-04;2004BA520A13-8)

摘　　要：为了解太湖平原不同类型农田氮磷流失特征,在嘉兴地区选择8类共38个农田作为定位点,在降水后对定位点农田沟渠和近农田河道地表水特征进行监测,并采集、检测水样。结果表明：太湖平原农田易产流,径流氮磷污染强度大。在24h大于15mm雨量（15mm·（24h）^-1）或48h大于20mm雨量（20mm·（48h）^-1）的降水条件下,各类农田产流次数占历次监测比例（简称产流频度）为50%-100%;径流氮磷含量超过国家地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅴ类水标准（N,2mg·L^-1;P,0.4mg·L^-1）。汛期,农田产流频度平均高出非汛期13%,农田氮磷流失频度和强度均大于非汛期,氮磷含量分别高出1.2mg·L^-1和0.26mg·L^-1。不同类型农田氮磷流失强度差异大,氮素最大相差11倍,磷素达4倍。近农田河道水全年多停滞,河水停滞次数占历次监测比例（简称停滞频度）为40%以上,易于氮磷累积。在汛期的15mm·（24h）^-1或20mm·（48h）^-1以上强度降水条件下,种植蔬菜、果木类和旱作大田作物的农田尤应作为农田面源污染防控重点,近农田河道流动特征应被关注。The aim of this paper is to understand characteristics of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） losses from different types of farmlands in Taihu Lake region. Thirty-eight test sites were selected and included eight different farmland types in the Jiaxing area to monitor water flow characteristics of ditches and rivers. Water samples were collected and tested periodically both in the flood season and in the non-flood season from Jun., 2004 to Oct., 2005. The results indicate that the farmlands of Taihu Lake region runoff easily. If precipitation is higher than 15 mm.（24 h）^-1 or 20 mm.（48 h）^-1, the proportion of all types of farmlands runoff times is 50%-100% in the monitoring period （hereinafter referred to as the runoff frequency）. N and P content in the runoff is high, exceeding the national surface water environmental Quality Standard （GB3838-2002） in the Class V water standard （N, 2 mg.L^-1; P, 0.4 mg.L^-1）. The farmlands runoff frequency in the flood season is on average 13 percent higher than that of in the non-flood season. Also N and P content in the runoff is on average 1.2 mg.Lland 0.26 mg-L~ higher in the flood season than that of in the non-flood season. N and P pollution intensity of different types of farmlands is very different. The maximum difference of P content in different types of farmlands runoff is 4 times, and N up to 11 times. The rivers near farmlands are often stationary throughout the year and the proportion of the stagnation times is up to 40% in the monitoring period （hereinafter referred to as stagnation frequency）, which leads to a large number of N and P accumulated in the river. Therefore, the situation of N and P losses with runoff from farmlands is critical in Taihu Lake region. When precipitation is higher than 20 mm.（48 h）^ -1 or 15 mm.（24 h）^-1 in the flood season, the farmlands with some vegetation types, such as vegetable, fruit and cereal, are presented as the focus of agricultural non-point source pollution control. The flow characteris

关 键 词：太湖 农田 地表水特征 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]