不同耕作方式对红壤旱地土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of different cultivation on soil physi-chemical properties of upland red soils and maize yield

作　　者：李明德[1] 刘琼峰[1,2] 吴海勇[1] 汤睿[1] 戴子武 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省浏阳市沙市镇农技站,湖南浏阳410300

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1522-1526,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD25B08)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了免耕(T1)、翻耕(T2)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(T3)、翻耕+秸秆覆盖(T4)、翻耕+秸秆深埋(T5)5种耕作方式下土壤理化状况及玉米(ZeamaysL)产量。结果表明,使用了秸秆的耕作方式(T3、T4、T5)有利于改良土壤的理化性状、提高玉米产量;翻耕与免耕相比,翻耕能改良土壤物理性状、提高土壤有机质和氮素含量、提高玉米产量,但翻耕土壤中有效磷和速效钾的含量比免耕土壤中低。T5对降低耕层土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、提高土壤含水量、改善土壤结构、提高有机质和氮素含量及提高玉米产量有最好的效果;T3对提高耕层土壤有效磷和速效钾含量最明显,对改善土壤结构也表现出较好的效果。因此,丘陵区红壤旱地采用翻耕+秸秆深埋的耕作方式,对改良土壤理化性状,提高经济效益有重要意义。Soil physi-chemical characters and maize yield were investigated under field experiments in Shashi county of Hunan province with 5 cultivation treatments which were： no-plough （T1）, plough（T2）, no-plough and covered with straw（T3）, plough and covered with straw（T4）, plough and bury straw（T5）. The results showed that the cultivations with straw including T3, T4 and T5 improved soil physi-chemical properties and increased maize yield. Compared with no-plough treatment, plough not only caused the improvement of soil physical characters, but also resulted in the increase of soil organic matter, soil nitrogen content and maize yield. However, lower content of soil available P and K were observed in the plough plots compared with no-plough. Among all treatments, T5 was the best management which possessed lower soil bulk density, higher soil water content, higher soil organic matter, N concen- tration, it also improved soil porosity and increased maize yield. While T3 produced the best effects on increasing soil available P and K, its soil structure was improved as well. So, plough with deeply buried straws is a better soil management for upland red soils in hilly region which can significantly improve soil physi-chemical characteristics and increase economic benefits.

关 键 词：南方丘陵区 红壤 旱地 耕作方式 土壤理化性状 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]