绿洲土壤水盐耦合关系及景观地球化学特征  

Coupling relations between oasis soil moisture and salt and its landscape geochemistry characteristics

作　　者：王让会[1] 宁虎森 赵振勇[3] 张慧芝[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,南京210044 [2]新疆林业科学研究院园林绿化所,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《南京信息工程大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第2期97-101,共5页Journal of Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD26B0902);国家973计划(2006CB705809);国家气象局软科学项目(QR2008-39)

摘　　要：绿洲的气候状况、地形特征、土壤地理特点以及农业耕作与灌溉措施,是影响其景观地球化学特征与土壤水盐关系的重要因素.绿洲土壤水盐关系又与MODS关系密切相关.人类活动也自然成为影响干旱区内陆河流域绿洲农田景观地球化学特征与土壤水盐耦合关系的重要因素.土壤水盐耦合类型盐化土主要以Cl-SO4型为主,其次是SO4-Cl型.就阳离子地球化学特征来看,多为Ca-Na型和Mg-Na型,其次是Ca-Mg型.根据分析结果,可估算出盐化土壤的盐分组成是以Na2SO4,CaSO4,NaCl为主,特别是NaCl水溶性极强,SO4-Cl盐土也就主要分布在地下水埋深浅、矿化度高的盐化土壤中.绿洲土壤水盐耦合关系在一定程度上也反映了绿洲景观地球化学过程及其变化特征.从土壤化学分析来看,碱解氮、速效磷,有机质缺乏是造成绿洲土壤肥力不高的主要因素.干旱区渭干河流域绿洲土壤盐渍化类型明显受到地下水盐分及其化学类型的影响.地下水盐分是土壤盐分的重要来源,也是绿洲景观地球化学过程的重要环节.Climate conditions, terrain features, soil as irrigation measures in the oasis, are the important geographical characteristics and agricultural cultivation as well factors for the characteristics of landscape geochemistry and relationship between soil moisture and salt. Oasis soil moisture and salt have close relations with the MODS. Mean- while ,human activity is also becoming the important element of influence on the landscape geochemistry and the coupling relation of soil moisture and salt in oasis farmland of the arid inland river catchments. The moisture and salt coupling type is dominated by Cl-SO4 and sub-dominated by SO4-Cl. The geochemical positive ions are dominated respectively by the types of Ca-Na and Mg-Na. Based on analysis results, the salt composition of the soil is dominated by Na2SO4 ,CaSO4 and NaCl. Especially, NaCl has quite strong water solubility,and as a result,the salty soil of SO4-Cl type is mainly distributed in the salty soil with shallow water and high mineralization degree. The coupling relation between salt and moisture reflects, to a certain degree, the characteristics of oasis landscape geochemistry process and its changes. Based on the chemical analysis, oasis soil is short of the alkali dispelled nitrogen, available phosphorous and organic matter, which is the fundamental reason for its lower fertility. Salinization type of oasis soil is obviously affected by salinity of underground water and its chemical type in the Weigan River oasis in arid zone. Underground water salinity is the important source of soil salt, which is also the key link for oasis landscape geochemistry process.

关 键 词：绿洲 景观地球化学 盐分 水分 耦合关系 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学] K903[历史地理—人文地理学]