岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋发展的线性理论模型和观测资料分析  

Topographic Effects on Polar Low and Tropical Cyclone Development in a Simple Theoretical Model

作　　者：李子良[1,2,3] 傅刚[1,2,4] 郭敬天[1,6] 端义宏[2,5] 张美根[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋气象系,山东青岛266100 [2]上海台风研究所,上海200030 [3]卫星海洋国家重点实验室,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012 [4]大气边界层和大气化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [5]中国气象局国家气象中心,北京100081 [6]国家海洋局北海分局,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《应用数学和力学》2009年第10期1189-1201,共13页Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40775069;40675060);上海台风研究所开放基金资助项目(2006STB03);卫星海洋国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SOED0904);中国科技部基金资助项目(2009CB421504;2006AA09Z151);中国气象局基金资助项目(GYHY200706031);国家海洋局基金资助项目(908020310)

摘　　要：基于轴对称和热成风平衡系统,研究了柱坐标系中的线性涡旋动力学方程组的初值问题,分析了岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的影响,同时分析了感热和潜热,摩擦和地形在极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的强度和结构演变中的作用.通过对地形影响下的流体运动的径向和法向速度,以及垂直速度和流体运动的不稳定增长率的分析指出,流动和地形的相互作用对极地低压和热带气旋类系统的强度和结构演变起着非常重要的作用.在岛屿山脉地形的迎风坡上,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直上升运动有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的加强和发展,有利于加强流体的不稳定增长率.但是,在山脉地形的背风侧,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直下沉运动,有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的减弱和消亡,有利于减弱流体的不稳定增长率.同时,基于气象观测资料分析了2003年12月19日发生在日本海上的一次极地低压生消和演变过程,所得到的观测事实和理论分析具有较好的一致性,并在此基础上讨论了极地低压和台风涡旋,斜压背风涡旋和斜压锢囚涡旋的生消机制和演变特征的异同.The polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices over topography are assumed to be axial-symmetrical and thermal wind balanced systems, which are solved as an initial value problem of tinearized vortex equation set in cylindrical coordinates. The roles of sensible and latent heating, friction and topography on the structure and intensification of polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices were analyzed. The radial velocity, vertical velocity, azimuthal velocity and the unstable growth rate including the topography effects are obtained. It is shown that the interaction between flow and topography plays a significant role for the structure and intensification of polar low and tropical cyclone system. Analysis of the topography term indicate that in the up-slope side of the, mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical ascent forced by the mountain will intensify the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and increase the unstable growth rate. However, in the lee side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical descent forced by the mountain will weaken the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and decrease the unstable growth rate of polar low and tropical cyclone system. In addition, the evolutionary process and spatial structure of the polar low observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003 were investigated by using observational data to verify this theoretical result.

关 键 词：岛屿地形 解析研究 极地低压 热带气旋 

分 类 号：P431[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]