育肥猪日粮中通过营养调控和添加益生素或牛至油替代抗生素的研究  

Research on the Feasibility of Substituting for Antibiotics with Probiotics, Origanum Oil and through Nutrition Regulation in Diets of Finishing Pigs

作　　者：武晶[1,2,3] 赵克斌[2] 王立贤[2] 袁世态 颜华[2] 赵恒寿[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西省晋城市畜牧兽医局,晋城048000 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [3]山西农业大学,太谷030801

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2009年第5期645-651,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"畜禽健康养殖与新型工业化生产模式研究与示范"(2006BAD14B05)

摘　　要：本研究旨在通过营养调控、添加益生素或牛至油,探讨替代抗生素,提高猪群抗病、抗应激能力的高效绿色添加剂组合。试验选用平均体重27 kg,健康长×大杂交阉公猪324头,随机分为6组:Ⅰ组(金霉素组,在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg金霉素)、Ⅱ组(牛至油组,在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg牛至油)、Ⅲ组(益生素组,在基础日粮中添加1.5 g/kg益生素)、Ⅳ组(营养调控组,提高日粮中维生素E和B族维生素、微量元素Zn、Mn和I水平)、Ⅴ组(牛至油+营养调控组)、Ⅵ组(益生素+营养调控组)。试验期为90 d。结果表明:Ⅴ组猪生长速度最快,料重比最低,平均日增重显著高于Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组(P<0.05);血液中白细胞数量Ⅲ组最高,显著高于Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);淋巴细胞转化率Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组较高,显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性最高,Ⅴ组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高;猪瘟、蓝耳病及口蹄疫抗体水平组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明,营养调控同时添加牛至油完全可以替代抗生素,猪的生长性能、抗应激和抗病力超过添加金霉素。This experiment was conducted to explore the feasibility of substituting for antibiotics with probiotics, origanum oil and through elevating dietary vitamin E, vitamin B family and micro elements levels. Three hundred and twenty-four crossbred （Landrace x Yorkshine） barrows with average body weight of 27 kg were randomly assigned to 6 dietary groups： group I （chlorotetracycline group, added 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline in basal diet）; group II （origanum oil group, added 20 mg/kg oreganum oil in basal diet） ; group III（prohiotics group, added 1.5 g/kg probiotics in basal diet） ; group IV （nutrient enhancement group, elevated dietary vitamin E, vitamin B family and micro elements Zn, Mn, I） ; group V （origanum oil＋ nutrient enhancement group） ; group VI （probiotics ＋ nutrient enhancement group）. The trial lasted for 90 days. The results showed that pigs in group V recorded the highest ADG, which was significantly higher than that in group IV and group VI （P（0.05）, and had the best F/G. The number of white blood cells in group III was significantly higher than that in group IV and group V （P〈0.05）. The lymphocyte transformation rate in group III and group V was significantly higher than that in group I , group II and group IV （P〈0.05）. The activity of GSH-Px in group I was the highest, while the activity of CAT in group V was the highest. Antibody levels of classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and foot-and-mouth disease had no difference among groups （P〉0.05）. These results indicated that origanum oil ＋ nutrient enhancement could successfully substitute for antibiotics, and pigs fed diets added origanum oil and elevated dietary vitamin E, vitamin B family and micro elements could obtain better performance, have better disease-resistant and stress-resistant ability than pigs fed diets supplemented with chlortetracycline. [Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2009,21 （5）： 645-651 ]

关 键 词：益生素 牛至油 营养调控 生长肥育猪 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学] S816.7[农业科学—畜牧学]