山茶属山茶组的细胞地理学研究  

A Cytogeographical Study of Camellia, Sect. Camellia

作　　者：张文驹[1] 闵天禄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所

出　　处：《云南植物研究》1998年第3期321-328,共8页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文总结了山茶组植物的细胞学资料，结合形态和地理学特征讨论了该组植物扩散及分化的规律。山茶组植物具有相同的染色体基数（ｘ＝１５），变化较大的倍性（２ｘ，４ｘ，６ｘ，８ｘ）。其中子房无毛的种类除Ｃ．ｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｏｌｅｏｓａＨｕ，Ｃ．ｊａｐｏｎｉａｃａＬ．的个别居群外都是二倍体；多倍体主要出现在苞、萼、花后脱落，子房被毛的种类中，分布于南岭以西至西南地区，南岭及南岭以东、以南地区未发现多倍体。山茶组植物的核型进化有明显的方向性，核型的不对称性从低向高演化；南岭及附近地区的类群核型不对称性较低，而远离这一地区的类群核型不对称性较高。作者认为南岭及附近地区是山茶组植物的分布中心和分化中心；云贵高原及其邻近地区是它的次生分化中心，在这一地区杂交和多倍化是物种形成和分化的重要途径。In this paper, the cytological data of Sect. Camellia was collected and summarized, and the dispersal and differentiation disscussed by means of cytogeographical method. Sect. Camellia contained the same basis chromosome number, x=15, and varied ploidy, 2x,4x,6x and 8x. The 4 species and 2 varieties with glabrous gymoeium, distributed mainly in the south-east and east of China to Japan, were all diploid except some population of C. chekiangcleosa Hu and C. japonica in Korea, but 8 species with hairy gymoeium, distributed concentratedly in Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, included 4 polyploids species or complexes. There were only two kinds of karyotypes, 2A and 2B, in Sect. Camellia. Comparing the asymmitry of the karyotypes showed that karyotype evolution had a clear direction in Sect. Camellia, which was from symmitry to asymmitry. The species in Nanlin mounains and nearby had more-symmitrical karyotype than that far from the above aera. Based on the above results, The authors concluded that Nanlin mountains and nearby was an original differentiation center of Sect. Camellia, and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau was only a second center, where the hybridization and polyoploidization was an important speciation course.

关 键 词：山茶组 倍性 核型 细胞地理学 

分 类 号：Q942[生物学—植物学] Q948.2