小斜角肌的应用解剖学研究及其临床意义  

An anatomic study on scalenus minimus muscle

作　　者：尹望平[1] 方有生[2] 陈德松[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海复旦大学附属金山医院骨科,200540 [2]上海复旦大学附属华山医院手外科,200040

出　　处：《中国矫形外科杂志》2009年第19期1486-1488,共3页Orthopedic Journal of China

摘　　要：[目的]研究小斜角肌的解剖学特点,为手术治疗胸廓出口综合征(TOS)提供形态学依据。[方法]在32具64侧常规福尔马林固定的成人尸体标本上,于头戴式2.5倍放大镜下,对小斜角肌的起止点,内外缘的长度,小斜角肌的神经支配,血供来源及其与臂丛下干的关系进行了仔细的观察;取10侧小斜角肌标本作HE染色,了解小斜角肌有无独立的肌膜及与中斜角肌间的关系。[结果]小斜角肌出现率为84.4%(54侧);臂丛下干从小斜角肌的中下部跨过;小斜角肌与中斜角肌之间有独立的肌膜将两者分开。小斜角肌的神经支配主要来自C7前根。小斜角肌的血供有2种类型:(1)从锁骨下动脉直接发出的分支,占63%;(2)来自颈深动脉(肩胛背动脉)的分支。[结论]小斜角肌是较常存在的、独立的一块肌肉,和臂丛下干密切相关;其神经支配、血供特点可能是容易双卡和影响疗效的因素之一。[ Objective] To investigate the morphological characteristic of the scalenus minimus. [ Methods] Totally 32 （64 sides） embalmed adult cadavers were dissected and studied, the morphology of scalenus minlmus and its relationship to bra- chial plexus was observed. Ten scalenus minimus were stained by ＇HE to study membrane of the muscles. Twenty - seven （54 sides） embahned aduh cadavers were dissected carelully to investigate its nerve and blood supply. [ Results] Scalenus minimus was found in 84. 4% of cadavers （54/64） . Its insertion was mainly composed of tendinous tissue, which was spaned by the lower trunk of brachial plexus. Scalenus minimus supply nerve branches was from ventral rami of the cervical seven root, and vascular supply was from： （ 1 ） hranches of deep cervical artery, （2） branches of subclavia artery. I Conclusion] Scalenus minimus muscle, an independent but inconstant muscle, is existed in most people and sometimes responsible for compression of brachial plexus. It is suggested that scalenus minimus muscle should be rcsected carefully as well as scalenus anticus and medius during surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome.

关 键 词：胸廓出口综合征 小斜角肌 解剖 局部 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]