民间商会的代表性及其影响因素分析——以温州行业协会为例  

The Representativeness of Unofficial Chambers of Commerce and Its Influencing Mechanisms——An Empirical Study on Wenzhou Industrial Associations

作　　者：江华[1] 张建民[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学商学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2009年第4期78-88,共11页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目(09BZZ016);浙江省哲学社会科学基金"新中国60年"专项研究课题(26)

摘　　要：我国国家与社会关系的法团主义特征对行业协会提出代表性的要求。但通过对作为民间商会典范的温州行业协会的调查表明,民间商会的代表性并不高,这主要表现为"一业多会"盛行、入会率不高、政治依附性和寡头化等。在影响民间商会代表性的因素中,既有中外行业协会发展中的共性因素(俱乐部组织边界、行业异质性),又有体现我国历史传统和政策环境的特殊因素(管理体制),还有包括二者的混合因素(治理机制)。对比德国、日本等法团主义国家商会的代表性,发现我国行业协会的代表性要求是对法团主义的一种误读,并且在我国不大可能按法团主义的模式构建行业协会的管理体制。因此,必需将民间商会代表性由"行业代表"重新定义为"会员代表",然后从理顺行业协会的管理体制、优化行业协会的组织结构、完善民主机制、提升服务水平和取消政治激励等方面提升民间商会的代表性。Features of corporatism in state and society relationships in China require industry associations to have representativeness. However,an investigation into industry associations in Wenzhou,the exemplary unofficial chambers of commerce,indicates that their representativeness is not high,which manifests itself as multiple associations for one industry,low enrollment rates,political dependency,and oligarchy,etc. Among factors influencing representativeness are both those affecting the development of industry associations (China and abroad) in general,such as boundaries of club organizations and heterogeneity of industries,and those reflecting the particular historical tradition and policy environment (regulatory regimes)in China. Also it includes the factor of governance mechanisms,which is a combination of general and particular influences. When compared with representativeness of chambers of commerce in corporatism countries such as Germany and Japan,it is found that the requirement of representativeness in industry associations in China is a misunderstanding of corporatism. Moreover,it is unlikely to build a regulatory regime of industry associations based on corporatism model in China. Therefore,it is necessary to redefine representativeness of unofficial chambers of commerce from 'representatives of industries' to 'representatives of members',and then to rationalize the regulatory regime of industry associations,optimize the organizational structures of industry associations,perfect their democratic mechanisms,raise their service levels,and eliminate political incentives in order to promote the representativeness of unofficial chambers of commerce in China.

关 键 词：民间商会 法团主义 代表性 影响机制 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]