对应分析在大黄炮制减毒“量-毒”规律研究中的应用  

Study toxicity-attenuating effect and dose-toxicity relationship of rhubarb by processing based on correspondence analysis

作　　者：王伽伯[1] 马永刚[1] 金城[1] 张萍[1] 肖小河[1] 赵艳玲[1] 邢小燕[1] 任永申[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军中药研究所解放军第三0二医院,北京100039

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2009年第19期2498-2502,共5页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家“十五”科技攻关专项课题(004BA721A14)

摘　　要：目的:研究大黄炮制减毒的客观真实性及其减毒规律。方法:平行比较大黄不同炮制品对小鼠肝肾功能影响的差异,以及炮制对其化学成分的影响,采用对应分析多元统计学方法研究炮制减毒的"量-毒"规律。结果:生大黄在最大给药剂量(76 g.kg-1)对小鼠单次灌胃给药,未观察到明显的毒性反应;但在此剂量下连续给药14 d,生大黄及其不同炮制品试验组可观察到不同程度的肝、肾损伤。在对应分析图中,各炮制品试验组随剂量增加偏离空白组的距离呈增大趋势,呈现出明确的"量-毒"规律,偏离距离越远,肝肾毒性越明显;对比各炮制品高剂量组偏离空白组的距离,生大黄>醋大黄>酒大黄>熟大黄>大黄炭>清宁片。总体来看,炮制品的毒性低于生品,减毒作用强度与炮制程度相关。炮制减毒作用与结合蒽醌和鞣质类成分的下降均有关,其中结合蒽醌与毒性关系最明显。结论:大黄炮制减毒作用客观存在,其中熟制减毒作用较明显且药效物质损失较小。对应分析方法可有效地将复杂问题简单化,尤其适合于中药药效及毒性评估等多指标复杂问题研究。Objective： To study the toxicity-attenuating effect and the dose-toxicity relationship of rhubarb by processing based on correspondence. Method： The effects of different processed materials of rhubarb on the hepatic and renal functions of mice was re-searched in a way of parallel comparison, as well as the chemical alteration induced by processing was observed. Correspondence analysis, a kind of multivariate statistical analysis, was performed to explore the dose-toxicity relationship of processed materials of rhubarb. Result： No obvious toxic effect was found in mice after single intragastric administration of crude drug of rhubarb at dosage of 76 g ·kg^-1, while some lesions to liver and kidney tissues were observed in mice after repeated administration of rhubarb and its processed materials for 14 days at the same dosage. In the correspondence analysis diagram, it could be deduced that there was definite dose-toxicity relationship of processed rhubarb as the distance between trial groups and control group increased along with the dosage and the toxicity. The distance of the processed rhubarb showed as the following consequence ： crude drug of rhubarb 〉 vinegar-processed rhubarb 〉 alcohol-processed rhubarb 〉 steamed rhubarb 〉 carbonized rhubarb 〉 Qingning pian. Theerefoer, the toxicity of processed rhubarb was much lower than that of crude drug and the extent of toxicity attenuation was related to the processing intensity. Meanwhile, the toxicity-attenuating effect of processed rhubarb was related to the decline of the contents of both anthraquinone glycosides and tannins, and the former was contributed remarkably to toxicity. Conclusion： The toxicity-attenuating effect of processed rhubarb was verified in this study and the toxicity of steamed rhubarb attenuated notably while the pharmacological substances degraded little. The correspondence analysis would be useful to assess the pharmacological and toxic effects with multiple indexes of traditional Chinese medicines.

关 键 词：炮制 减毒 大黄 量-毒规律 对应分析 

分 类 号：R283[医药卫生—中药学]