古尔班通古特沙漠的积雪及雪融水储存特征  

The Characteristics of the Snow-cover and Snowmelt Water Storage in Gurbantunggut Desert

作　　者：周宏飞[1,2,3] 李彦[2,3] 汤英[4,3] 周宝佳[5,3] 徐宏伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水利水电工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统观测试验站,新疆阜康833200 [4]宁夏水利科学研究所,宁夏银川750021 [5]石河子大学,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2009年第3期312-317,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671037;40725002);国家十一五科技支撑计划项目(2007bac17b02);中国科学院野外站基金项目(053A021)

摘　　要：通过在中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站北沙窝试验区布置野外定位试验,对古尔班通古特沙漠地区积雪物理特征变化、沙垄坡地以及稀疏梭梭林地的积雪分布、融雪水分在土壤中的转化储存效率及其成因进行研究。结果表明：古尔班通古特沙漠地区的积雪属低密度的＂干寒型＂雪,平均雪密度在0.14-0.27 g/cm^3之间,积雪分布存在较大的空间分异特性;融雪水文过程以垂直入渗储存为主,没有明显的洼地积水和地表汇流过程;雪融水转化为土壤水分的比例高达78.8%-92%,为春季荒漠植被的生长提供了很好的水分条件。除了起伏的沙垄地形、冬季的低气温、多雾天气外,有限的积雪量、积雪融化前极低的土壤含水量以及高渗透率的沙地是古尔班通古特沙漠雪融水以垂直入渗为主并具有高的转化储存效率的主要原因。Based on the field experiment and observation in the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert,the characteristics of the snow distribution and snowmeh water storage in the sand soil, the efficiency of the snowfall water translated to soil water are analyzed and calculated. The main results including ： （ 1 ） the snow in Gurbantonggut Desert belongs to ＂Dry-cold type＂ snow with low density. Based on snow depth, snow density and snow water equivalent,3 different periods of snow season are divided. There are snow accumulation period, snow maintenance period and snow melt period. The average snow density is changed between 0.14 to 0.27 g/cm^3 in different period, and the average snow depth is 20 cm to 30 cm in general. （2） Spatial differences are existed for the snow-cover distribution. There are no regularity for the snow depths variation in the top, hill and foot of sand dunes. Compared with the topography, the main desert shrub-Haloxylon amrnodendron with sparseness distribution has more evident effect for the snow-cover depth variation. （3） Vertical infiltration is the mainly hydrological process of the snowmelt water. There are no surface water delay and confluence process in the desert regions. The depth of wetted soil of the snowmeh water is about 40 em to 80 cm. the wetted layer in top is deeper than flat land between sand dunes. （4） there is high water transfer and storage efficiency for the snowfall. 78.8% to 92.0% of the snowfall water is transferred to the soil water. It is considered that the cold climate, sand dune topography, limited snowfall, low soil water content before the snowmelt and the high infiltration capacity are the main reason for the vertical infiltration and the high water transferred efficiency of the snowmelt water.

关 键 词：古尔班通古特沙漠 积雪分布 融雪水 水分储存效率 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]