崇祯年间招募葡兵新考  

A New Perspective on the Recruitment of Portuguese Soldiers from Macao during Emperor Chongzhen's Reign

作　　者：董少新[1,2] 黄一农[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海复旦大学文史研究院 [2]台湾新竹清华大学 [3]台湾新竹清华大学历史研究所 [4]中研院

出　　处：《历史研究》2009年第5期65-86,共22页Historical Research

基　　金：台湾新竹清华大学“十六、七世纪传至亚洲之欧洲火炮研究”计划(NSC96-2411-H-007-003-MY3);国家社科基金青年项目(KRH3801001);上海复旦大学“985工程”哲学社会科学创新基地文史研究院研究项目成果

摘　　要：明末在内外交困的情势下,徐光启等开明之士主张从澳门募兵购炮以对抗后金之侵扰。崇祯三年,葡国统领公沙.的西劳率铳师队伍抵京,负责练兵教炮,颇有成效。为推进军事改革,徐光启派员再赴澳门募兵数百,但因卢兆龙等人的强烈反对而未果。崇祯四年,孔有德发动吴桥兵变,并率受葡国铳师训练之部队携西洋火炮降金,致使后金军事实力大幅提升,成为其攻城掠地、入主中原的关键之一。Toward the end of the Ming dynasty,Xu Guangqi and other enlightened officials proposed to the trouble-stricken government that Portuguese soldiers be recruited from Macao to guard against the harassment from the Manchus' Later Jin State. In the third year of Emperor Chongzhen's reign,the Portuguese captain Gonalvo Teixeira Correa led his troops to Beijing,where he trained the Chinese soldiers in artillery with good results. Xu later sent for more troops from Macao to promote military reform; however,his attempt was thwarted due to vehement opposition from Lu Zhaolong and others. The following year,Kong Youde instigated the Wuqiao military revolt and then surrendered to the Manchus,who gained the Portuguese-trained soldiers and Western firearms that they turned to their own advantage. This was a crucial link in their subsequent invasion of China.

关 键 词：葡萄牙 西洋火炮 军事改革 吴桥兵变 

分 类 号：K248.3[历史地理—历史学]