盆栽矮牵牛氮、磷、钾肥效应及推荐用量研究  

Effects of N,P,K fertilizer application and recommendation for Petunia hybrida Vilm.in pot experiments

作　　者：张文君[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 蒋志平[1] 王先挺[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第5期1147-1153,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(International Plant NutritionInstitute)国际合作项目(Hubei-30)资助

摘　　要：采用"3414"不完全正交回归设计,在盆栽试验条件下研究氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对矮牵牛生长和观赏品质的影响,并筛选适宜的肥料用量。通过对矮牵牛不同生长时期生长指标(株高、冠径)、观赏指标(存花数、总花朵数)和收获后植株干样质量的统计分析,表明氮肥和磷肥对矮牵牛的营养生长和生殖生长均有较大影响,而钾肥的效果主要表现在生殖生长期,三因素影响作用顺序为N>P>K;氮、磷、钾肥间存在明显的交互作用,配合施用能提高肥效和促进矮牵牛的生长。对矮牵牛总花朵数进行肥效模型拟合,得出在该试验条件下盆栽矮牵牛(每盆装基质1.5kg)氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的最佳施用量为0.61、0.26、0.34 g/pot,适宜的氮、磷、钾施用比例为1:0.43:0.56。Suitable fertilization which can build up favorable plant morphology and increase the quantity of blooming is one of the most important factors on growth of flower. Petunia hybrida Vilm. is one of the most important potted flowers, and a parterre decorative plant in the world. Based on the “3414” fertilizer experiment design, a pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to study the effects of NPK fertilizers on growth, ornamental quality and optimum fertilizer rates of petunia. Data of plant height, crown diameter, present flowers, number of total flowers and dry weigh were measured. The results show that both the nitrogen fertilization and the phosphorus fertilization play important roles on petunia growth and development, while the potassium fertilization has obvious effects at the flowering stage. Coordinated applications of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium promote petunia growth significantly, and their effects on the growth of petunia are in order of N〉P〉K. Through establishing the fertilizer efficiency model based on number of total flowers, it is showed that the recommended fertilizer amounts of N, P2O5 and K2O for the pot application are 0.61 g/pot, 0.26 g/pot and 0.34 g/pot （each pot filled with 1.5 kg substrate）. The suitable ratio of N： P2O5： K2O is 1： 0.43： 0.56.

关 键 词：矮牵牛 氮 磷 钾肥 肥料效应 施肥推荐 

分 类 号：S681.9[农业科学—观赏园艺]