红水河梯级电站喀斯特库区土地利用与景观格局变化研究  

Land Use/Cover and Landscape Pattern Changes over the Karst Reservoir Area of the Red River,China

作　　者：黄秋燕[1,2] 胡宝清[2] 曾令锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京210093 [2]广西师范学院资源与环境科学学院,南宁530001

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第10期1805-1814,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40461001;40661005);广西科学基金资助项目(编号:0728045;0731068);广西高校资源与环境科学创新团队建设专项

摘　　要：水电开发在带来巨大经济利益的同时也不可避免对当地土地利用方式与生态环境产生不同程度的影响。本文以红水河库区典型区域广西大化县为研究对象,基于1988年～2006年四期遥感影像资料,运用遥感与GIS技术和景观格局分析方法,分析了研究区土地利用与景观格局变化特点、土地利用动态变化对景观类型脆弱度的影响。结果表明:①整个研究期内研究区土地变化核心是水田、旱地、园地、城乡建设用地、水域、中覆盖荒草地、低覆盖荒草地、灌木林地与有林地,其中园地、城乡建设用地、水域面积显著增加,水田、有林地、灌木林地、中覆盖荒草、低覆盖草地、旱地大幅度减少,裸岩砾石地相对变化幅度不大;②各个研究期内土地利用变化有较明显的差别,库区土地利用变化的区域差异明显,各种地类相互转换复杂,土地退化及各地类转化为水域现象十分明显;③景观格局变化主要表现为景观呈破碎化趋势,景观多样性提高,斑块类型趋于离散,景观变化的区域差异与土地利用变化的区域差异基本一致;④不合理的人类活动、水电建设及脆弱本底环境对库区的累积作用是库区生态环境难以良性发展的主要原因,喀斯特库区土地资源开发存在较大的生态风险,人类活动强度超过喀斯特生态环境承载力范围将会导致喀斯特库区生态环境恶化,因此应采取有效措施进行治理,促进库区经济和生态环境的良性发展。Exploitation of hydroelectric resources cannot avoid bringing certain adverse impacts to land use and eco-environments when bringing huge economic benefits. It is therefore critical for sustainable development of the Karst reservoir area on the Red River to investigate the characteristics of the variations in land use and landscape patterns. The environment in the Karst reservoir area of the Red River has become severely degraded due to the exploitation of water resources, irrational human activities and so forth. Dahua Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, China, with an area of about 2753.31 km^2, is located in the middle reaches of the Red River. Dahua County, where the environment was highly degraded, the earliest reservoir area was formed, the most immigrants existed and hydroelectric power was earliest utilized over the Red River areas, was selected for investigation in detail. The characteristics of the variations in land use and landscape patterns in the area were examined from Landsat TM images acquired in the year 1988, 1992, 1999, and 2006, respectively, on the basis of geographic information system （GIS） and related methods for landscape analyses. In addition, the effects of the dynamic changes in land use types upon landscape pattern frangibility were also analyzed. Results indicated that cropland, dry land, orchards, urban built-up land, water bodies, moderate grassland, sparse grassland, shrub and forests showed relatively large changes. Bare rocky dominating the study site did not show significant changes over the study period. Significant increases in the areas of orchards, urban built-up land and water bodies, and significant decreases in the areas of paddy land, forests, moderate grassland, sparse grassland and dry land were observed, showing high variations in land use changes for different periods. Besides, there existed an apparent spatial heterogeneity in land use changes over the study area. Meanwhile, the transition among different land use types was c

关 键 词：土地利用变化 景观格局 喀斯特库区 红水河梯级电站 景观类型脆弱度 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]