重唇石斛传粉生物学与显微动态研究  

Studies on the Pollination Biology and Microscopic Structure of Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f.(Orchidaceae)

作　　者：李振坚[1] 亢秀萍[2] 王雁[1] 于耀[2] 缪崑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第9期1804-1810,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所专项基金(2060302);"948"国家林业局引进项目(2006-4-C07)

摘　　要：通过杂交和自交实验,对重唇石斛授粉亲和力和结实性进行分析,并对其开花期间花粉及蕊柱结构的动态变化进行显微观察,以探讨重唇石斛的最佳杂交授粉时间。结果表明：（1）花器表面结构差异较大,唇瓣、药帽、萼片表皮布满突起、钩刺等,花瓣表皮较平滑;（2）杂交时以重唇石斛为父本或母本均具有选择性,但作为父本亲和力强,杂交结实率可达100%,作为母本杂交结实率最高为60%;自交结实率非常低,为4.3%;（3）花粉培养的最佳配方为30%蔗糖＋0.15 mg.L-1CaCl2;（4）花开第4天后花粉发育饱满,第5-12天花粉发芽率稳定大于70%,蕊柱的乳突细胞于开花第6-10天时发育饱满。研究表明,重唇石斛花开第5-12天为最佳授粉时间。To investigate the best pollination date during hybridization of Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f.,through sexual hybridization and self-compatibility test,pollen viability and sterility was studied;Microstructure changes of pollen and stigma were also observed in blooming stage.The results showed that：（1）Floret epidermis structure of Den.hercoglossum was different and complex,epidermis of labellum,pollen cap and sepal were covered with protuberance and barb,but petal epidermis was smooth;（2）Hybridization of Den.hercoglossum was being selective no matter who as father plant or mother plant.Compatibility of interspecific pollination as father plant was high,its fertility of sexual hybridization was higher to 100%;The best fertility of sexual hybridization was 60% as mother plant.Fertility of self cross was very difficult and just 4.3%;（3）The best medium of pollen germination of Den.hercoglossum was 30% sucrose＋0.15 mg·L-1 CaCl2;（4）Pollen of Den.hercoglossum became full after 4 days blooming and germinating rate was exceed 70% during 5～12 days;Stigma was developed full in 6～10 days blooming.Experimental study showed that the best pollination date was 5～12 days after blooming.

关 键 词：重唇石斛 蕊柱 授粉 杂交 结实率 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学] Q944.58