BNS小麦的雄性不育性及其温光特性  

Male Sterility and Thermo-Photosensitivity Characteristics of BNS in Wheat

作　　者：李罗江[1] 茹振刚[2] 高庆荣[1] 姜辉[1] 郭凤芝[1] 吴世文[1] 孙哲[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]河南科技学院小麦中心,河南新乡453003 [3]泰安农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第9期3019-3027,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2009AA101102);小麦现代农业产业体系项目(nycytx-03);国家"973"计划项目(2009CB118301)

摘　　要：【目的】研究BNS育性及其温光特性,探寻育性转换规律,确定其应用价值。【方法】以BNS和百农矮抗58为试材,进行秋季分期播种和春季播种试验,测定不同播期的育性及其日均温度、日照长度的动态变化和温光效应。【结果】(1)BNS小麦雄性不育系的麦穗蓬松,颖壳开张,有透明感;花药干瘪瘦小、不外挂,无或有极少量无活力的花粉,呈圆败型败育;自交不结实,且不育性能稳定遗传;国内、国际法人工饱和授粉结实率79.64%～87.22%、89.89%～102.10%,雌蕊活性正常。(2)BNS温度敏感期为小花原基分化期至雌雄蕊分化期,温度7.4～11.4℃,不育度97.57%～100%(10月17日前播种),高于11.4℃时,育性发生转换,自交结实率随播期的延迟呈现由低(7.71%、9.41%)渐高(70.15%、102.50%)的趋势,不育度则反之;雄性不育性与温度相关密切r=-0.578～-0.866>r0.05/0.01=0.532/0.661;春播BNS的同期温度为15.9℃,自交结实率与对照品种相近,表现正常可育。(3)BNS育性转换时期的自交结实大都集中于麦穗基部、中部,上部几乎不实,与主茎穗比,下落穗易结实,不育性较低。(4)BNS育性变化与光照长度因播期和抽穗前时段的不同表现有所差异,但未有明显的规律。【结论】BNS是光照辅助的温敏型小麦雄性不育系,具有低温不育高温可育的特性。在当地能秋播制种和春播繁殖种子。【 Objective 】 In order to evaluate the heterosis utilization of BNS in wheat, the fertile performance, thermo-photosensitive characteristics and the fertile conversion were studied with BNS and Bainongaikang 58 in present work. 【Method】 The method of time sowing was conducted in autumn as well as the sowing in spring. The temperature and light length were also recorded to study the fertility, dynamics of average daily temperature and light length, and the thermo-photosensitive effect. 【Result】 The result showed that the spikes of BNS were light, shag and expanding. The anthers were slim and thin. A little present pollen was lack of activity, and the sterile type of spherical abortion was identified by iodine-treatment. The male-sterile lines exhibited high and stable sterility. The national and international seed setting rate of artificial saturation pollination ranged from 79.64% to 87.22% and 89.89% to 102.10%, respectively, indicating that the pistil was normal. The thermo-sensitive stage of BNS with high sterility （97.57%-100%） was from the differentiating period of floret primordium to pistil and stamen primordium, when the sowing date was earlier than October 17, and the temperature ranged from 7.4℃ to 11.4℃ in this period. The transformation of fertility was detected, with a range of self-seeds rate from 7.71% to 70.15% （National） and 9.41% to 102.50% （International）, when the temperature was higher than 11.4℃ in the following sowing dates. Correlation analysis was performed to detect the relationship between sterile degree and temperature. The correlation coefficients （r） ranged from -0.578 to -0.866 （r0.05/0.01=0.532/0.661）, which indicated that correlation was significant or extremely significant between sterile degree and temperature. Similar to referenced material Bainongaikang 58, BNS sowed in spring was fertile with the temperature up to 15.9℃ during the differentiating stage of floret primordium to pistil and stamen primordium. During the transforming stage o

关 键 词：普通小麦(Triticum AESTIVUM L.) 温敏雄性不育 育性转换 临界温度 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S565.4