中国荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白基因第4和第5外显子多态性与泌乳性状的关联分析  

Polymorphisms of κ–Casein Gene Exon4 and 5 and Its Association with Milk Performance Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle

作　　者：鞠志花[1,2] 王洪梅[1] 李秋玲[1] 黄金明[1] 李建斌[1] 安利国[2] 杨桂文[2] 仲跻峰[1] 王长法[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院奶牛研究中心,济南250100 [2]山东师范大学生命科学学院,济南250014

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第9期3279-3287,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：科技部"863"计划项目(2007AA10Z169);山东省良种工程项目(2007LZ10-06);山东省农业科学院高技术自主创新基金项目(2007YCX019)

摘　　要：【目的】研究中国荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白基因第4和第5外显子多态性与泌乳性状的关联性,为培育高乳蛋白及高乳脂率奶牛提供参考依据。【方法】采用DNA测序、PCR-RFLP和CRS-PCR技术,对544头中国荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白基因的外显子4和5序列进行研究,通过SHEsis软件和PHASE软件进行配对连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。【结果】发现6个新的SNPs,包括外显子5上A12907G、G12950A、C12989T、A13028G、T12980C共5个SNP位点,证实前4个位点紧密连锁;外显子4上A10996T共1个SNP位点。单位点基因型与泌乳性状关联分析表明,A10996T突变位点的TT和AT基因型个体乳脂率显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);T12980C突变位点的TC和CC基因型个体乳脂率、乳蛋白率分别极显著(P<0.01)、显著(P<0.05)高于TT基因型个体;紧密连锁的4个突变位点的DE基因型个体乳脂率极显著高于DD基因型个体(P<0.01)。与泌乳性状的关联分析表明,共构建出7种单倍型,发现16种单倍型组合;其中H6H6单倍型组合个体乳脂率最高,H1H4次之;H1H4单倍型组合个体乳蛋白率最高;H5H6单倍型组合个体乳蛋白率及乳脂率最低。【结论】H1H4单倍型组合在乳蛋白率和乳脂率方面为有利单倍型组合,可作为选择高乳蛋白高乳脂率牛群的分子标记。Objective The polymorphisms of κ–casein gene exon 4 and 5 and their correlation to milk performance traits in Chinese Holstein cattle were investigated for the purpose of providing molecular maker information to facilitate the breeding efficiency of high milk protein and milk fat.Method Sequencing,PCR-RFLP and CRS-PCR were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of six loci in κ–casein gene exon 4 and 5 in 544 Chinese Holstein cattle.Result Five SNPs in the exon five（A12907G,G12950A,C12989T,A13028G,T12980C）and one SNP in the exon four were found and A12907G, G12950A, C12989T,A13028G were closely linked. At locus A10996T, the cows with genotype TT and AT showed higher fat rate than those with genotypes AA （P〈0.05）. At locus T12980C, the cows with genotype TC and CC was very significantly （P〈0.01） and significantly （P〈0.05） higher than TT genotype; with genotype TC and CC showed higher protein rate than those with genotypes TT （P〈0.05）. At the remaining four loci, the cows with genotype DE showed higher fat rate than those with genotypes DD （P〈0.01）. Seven haplotype and 16 haplotype combinations were found in 398 Chinese Holstein cattle, the cows with haplotype combinations H6H6 had the highest milk fat percentage and secondly was haplotype combinations H1H4. The cows with haplotype combinations H1H4 had the highest milk protein percentage and with haplotype combinations H5H6 had the lowest milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage. [Conclusion] Considering the distribution frequencies ofhaplotype combinations, K-casein gene H1H4 is a favorable haplotype combinations to the milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage and can be chosen as the molecular markers of choosing high milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage.

关 键 词：中国荷斯坦牛 Κ-酪蛋白基因 多态性 泌乳性状 单倍型 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]