秋水仙素对蝴蝶兰试管苗叶切片胚状体发生期的化学诱变  

Colchicine Chemical Induction During Somatic Embryogenesis from Leaf Segments of Phalaenopsis Test Tube Plantlets

作　　者：崔广荣[1] 张子学[1] 张从宇[1] 胡能兵[1] 隋益虎[1] 李杰勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院植物科学学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第9期3368-3373,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目(070411010);安徽省教育厅省级自然科学基金项目(KJ2007B053)

摘　　要：【目的】以蝴蝶兰试管苗叶片为材料诱导多倍体。【方法】用不同浓度的秋水仙素,对蝴蝶兰试管苗离体叶片进行诱变处理,考察不同处理时间类原球茎形成及苗再生的效应,比较二倍体和多倍体试管苗的形态特征、叶片下表皮组织细胞结构特征,并对多倍体根尖细胞染色体数进行鉴定。【结论】秋水仙素对蝴蝶兰离体叶片类原球茎的形成及其再生苗产生较大影响,较高浓度的秋水仙素处理时间较长,形成类原球茎的叶片比率及再生苗数减少明显,但多倍体形成的比率相对较高。多倍体苗叶片表面粗糙、叶片厚实、植株较矮,生根数少而粗短。叶片下表皮组织细胞、气孔结构与二倍体差异大,细胞核明显较大,染色体加倍。Objective The leaf segments of in vitro Phalaenopsis were treated with colchicine for ployploid induction.Method The effects of different concentrations and acting time of colchicines on the protocorm-like body（PLB）formation and shoot regeneration from the segments of in vitro Phalaenopsis leaves were studied.The morphological and histological characters of lower epidermal cell of leaves of the polyploid and diploid plantlets were compared.Meanwhile,the chromosomes of root tip cell of polyploid plantlets were identified. [Conclusion] The results showed that colchicines greatly affected PLBs formation and shoot regeneration from leaf segments of Phalaenopsis in vitro, and the rate of PLB formed and the number of shoots were obviously decreased with the increasing of the concentration of colchicines. However, the rate of polyploid plantlets regenerated was higher in the treatments of higher concentrations and longer acting time of colchicines. Morphologically, the polyploid plants were short and stout with rough and thicker leaves, but the root number of the plants was fewer, and shorter and thicker than the diploid. The structure of lower epidermal tissue, cell and stomata were obviously different between the diploid and polyploid. The nucleus of the polyploid cell was bigger and the number of the chromosome was doubled.

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 离体培养 秋水仙素 化学诱变 多倍体 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]