自由大气CO2浓度升高对夏大豆生长与产量的影响  

Effects of free air CO_2 enrichment( FACE) on growth and yield of summer soybean

作　　者：郝兴宇[1,2] 林而达[2] 杨锦忠[1,3] 居辉[2] 马占云[2] 韩雪[2] 王贺然[2] 杨万深[4] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所、农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室,北京100081 [3]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109 [4]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第9期4595-4603,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中澳政府气候变化合作资助项目(00xx-0506-Norton);国家科技支撑计划课题资助项目

摘　　要：IPCC报告指出到本世纪中期全球大气CO2浓度将比目前的浓度增加50%。CO2浓度升高将影响大豆的生长及产量。有关大气CO2浓度对大豆影响的研究大多在温室或开顶式气室中进行的,利用FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)系统对大豆生长发育受CO2浓度升高影响的试验首次在中国进行,FACE圈中心的CO2浓度维持在(550±60)μmol·mol-1,对照浓度(389±40)μmo·lmol-1。这是继美国SoyFACE之后世界第二个利用FACE系统对大豆生长发育进行的研究,研究表明:大气CO2浓度升高提高了两个大豆品种全生育期的叶、茎、荚重及地上部分总重,收获后地上部分总干重平均提高52.30%;大豆叶面积对CO2浓度升高的响应存在品种差异,中黄35促进叶面积增加而中黄13抑制叶面积的增加。CO2浓度升高使鼓粒期大豆比叶重增加,中黄35比叶重增加23.08%到达显著水平。CO2浓度升高使大豆节数、分枝数、茎粗提高,特别是茎粗收获期中黄35增加7.18%,中黄13增加26.33%,均到达显著或极显著水平;大气CO2浓度升高使两个品种产量平均增加30.93%,产量的增加主要是由于CO2浓度升高提高了大豆单株荚数和百粒重。大气CO2浓度升高对大豆各器官占地上部分重量的比例影响不明显,对大豆收获指数的影响未达显著水平。大气CO2浓度升高对大豆的影响品种差异明显。结论与美国SoyFACE的研究结果基本一致,如FACE系统下大豆生物量、产量都较对照增高,但变化幅度较SoyFACE的结果高。The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that atmospheric [ CO2 ] will reach 550ppm by 2050. Elevation of [ CO2] will invariably influence soybean growth and yield. Recently soybean response to elevated [ CO2 ] have been mostly researched in chambers and enclosures. This is the first FACE（ Free air CO2 enrichment） study of soybean in china, The CO2 regimes investigated were ambient （ （ 389± 40） μmol.mol^-1 ） and FACE （ （ 550 ± 60） μmol.mol^-1 ）. This is the second such study in the world after American SoyFACE. Results showed that the weight of leaf, stem, pop and the above-ground biomass increased with Elevation of [ CO2 ] , the mean above-ground biomass of two varieties in FACE significantly increased by about 52.30% compared to these grown in ambient air at harvest. The leaf area of Zhonghuang35 increased with Elevation of [ CO2 ] , whereas leaf area of Zhonghuang13 decreased. The specific leaf weight of two soybean cultivars increased at the stage of filling pod in FACE, and significantly increased by 23.08% in Zhonghuang35. Plant node number, branch number, and stem diameter were increased in FACE, the stem diameter of cultivars Zhonghuang35 and Zhonghuang13 significantly increased by 7. 18%, 26.33% respectively at harvest. Because of the increase in pod number per plant and the mass of individual seeds, the average yield was increased by 30.93% in FACE. The average harvest index wasn＇t significantly affected by elevated [ CO2 ]. Proportion allocation of leaf, stem and pod biomass to aboveground over the growing season was also not significant. The effect of FACE on soybean significantly varied between two soybean cultivars. Our main conclusion is consistent with the results of SoyFACE studies, such as the increase in yield and biomass and the decrease in harvest index with elevated [ CO2 ], but with larger effects than those found in the SoyFACE studies.

关 键 词：夏大豆 CO2浓度升高 FACE 气候变化 生物量 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]