洞庭湖区东方田鼠的食物组成调查  

STUDIES ON THE FOOD COMPOSITION OF MICROTUS FORTIS IN DONGTING LAKE AREA

作　　者：吴林[1] 张美文[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所

出　　处：《兽类学报》1998年第4期282-291,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院生物科技研究特别支持课题;长沙灭鼠杀虫高新技术开发公司"八五"经费资助

摘　　要：采用胃内容物显微组织学鉴定法，定量调查了洞庭湖区东方田鼠（Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｆｏｒｔｉｓｃａｌａｍｏ－ｒｕｍ）的食物组成。该鼠的主要食物，在苔草地是苔草和水田碎米荠，在芦荻场是碎米荠、苦草、荻和镜子苔，在稻田区是水稻和双穗雀稗，在岗地是三毛草、一年蓬、千金子和水稻。植物叶片是其主要利用对象，在绿色食物资源不足的情况下，也取食植物种子。其食物组成的变化表明，该鼠能依不同栖息地的植被结构调整摄食对象，因而能适应湖区生活环境的灾变性变化。The stomach contents of Yangtze voles (Microtus fortis calamorum ), which were collected in Carex flats, rice field, hill in Matang,Yueyang count and reed plantation in Xiaofanzhou, Changde count, were analyzed to determine the food composition by the method of microhistological identification. The vole lived in Carex flats during spring and winter .The major food items of the voles were consisted of Carex spp. and Cardamine hirsuta . Voles ate more Carex spp. during spring (71 05% of diets) than during winter(68 97% of diets). Contrarily, Cardamine hirsuta of diets in spring (13 81%) was less than that in winter (29 21%). The voles primarily took monocot in spring (77 26%) and winter (69 05%). Leaves were always the most favorite food of the vole, the bulk of plant leaves in the animal diet was more than 91% in spring and winter. In rice field, Monocot food items constituted 93 45%(in summer) and 86 52% (in autumn) of diets of the voles. The major food items of the voles were rice (74 54% in summer and 68 42% in autumn) and Paspalum distichum (13 16% in summer and 11 24% in autumn). Leaves were dominant in diets in summer. But the voles turned to take seeds heavily (51 94 %) and the bulk of leaves (46 48%) in diets reduced in autumn. In hill habitat during summer, the numbers of food items which voles ate were fourteen; Trisetum bifidum (36 98% of diets), Erigeron annus pers (23 61%) and rice (14 51%) was major food items of the voles. The voles heavily used leaves (99 68%) and monocot (65 63%) in this season. During autumn, monocot food items (60 68%) were still more than dicot (26 48%) in the voles diets, but the numbers of food items of the voles and leaves in the diets (48 69%) reduced, accordingly the bulk of seed in diets (35 57%) significantly increased. Moreover, bark in diets of voles in autumn were found. In reed plantation during spring, the voles primarily ate Cardamine hirsuts (42 81%), Phalaris arundinacea (20 17

关 键 词：东方田鼠 食物组成 洞庭湖区 

分 类 号：S865.14[农业科学—野生动物驯养]