作物种类对中国2种典型土壤中铜锌有效性的影响  

Effects of crop species on validity of copper and zinc in two typical soils in China

作　　者：张永宏[1,2] 徐明岗[2] 陈苗苗[2] 王宝奇[2] 吕粉桃[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2009年第9期1-5,9,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划("973计划")项目(No.2002CB410809);国家科技支撑计划课题(No.2008BADA7B03);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(No.6062026)

摘　　要：为阐明不同作物对土壤铜锌有效性的影响,采集2种典型土壤——红壤和黄泥土,人工制成铜锌单一与复合污染的土壤(铜为50mg/kg、锌为200mg/kg),进行盆栽试验,观察了小麦、油菜、番茄和小白菜4种作物的生物量、铜锌浓度及土壤有效态铜锌浓度。结果表明:(1)在2种土壤上,4种作物的生物量均小于没有污染的对照,且铜锌复合污染的作物生物量总体上比铜锌单一污染的低;(2)4种作物在红壤和黄泥土上种植对土壤有效态铜、锌浓度影响的趋势一致,均为种植番茄后铜锌污染土壤的有效态铜、锌浓度最高,油菜和小白菜次之,小麦最低,即番茄>油菜和小白菜>小麦,与作物中铜、锌浓度以及富集系数的高低顺序完全相反;(3)对照、铜锌单一与复合污染土壤pH变化均不甚明显;(4)作物对土壤铜锌有效性的影响并不只是通过提高土壤pH来降低有效态铜、锌浓度,对铜锌的吸收富集作用是降低其有效性的主要机制之一。Two typical soils of red soil and paddy soil were collected and contaminated by single and combined contamination Cu and Zn, series of pot experiments were conducted by planting 4 crops （wheat, rape, tomato and cabbage） in prepared soil. The biomass of crops,Cu and Zn content in crops,the pH and available Cu and Zn content in red and paddy soil were investigated to clarify the effect of crops species on availability of Cu and Zn in soils. The results showed that the biomass of four crops planting in uncontaminated soil （control group） were bigger than that of planting in contaminated soils,while single contaminated group was bigger than that of combined contaminated group. The content of Cu and Zn in 4 crops and their concentrating coefficient had the similar tendency of wheat〉cabbage〉 rape〉tomato,while the available Cu and Zn in soil presented opposite tendency. There was no obvious pH difference between soils planting different crop,which means planting crops had no effect on pH of soil. The effect of crops on heavy metal availability in soils was not achieved by changing the pH of soil,the key reason of reducing the availability of heavy metal in soil was the capability of crops for adsorption and accumulation the heavy mental.

关 键 词：作物 铜 锌 富集系数 有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]