施肥对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响  

Effects of fertilization on growth and fruiting of young cashew

作　　者：梁李宏[1] 王金辉[1] 黄伟坚[1] 张中润[1] 黄海杰[1] 邢福易 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业部热带作物种质资源利用重点开放实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]海南省腰果研究中心,海南乐东572534

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2009年第5期43-48,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.PZS012)的部分内容;科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(No.03EFN214600209)的部分内容

摘　　要：采用L9（3^4）正交设计，探讨氮、磷、钾肥配施对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响。试验结果表明，对于2龄腰果植株，最佳施肥组合为N1P1K1，年施氮（N）150g／株、磷（P2O5）50g/株和钾（k2O）50g／株处理，可以促进植株生长；对于3龄腰果植株，年施氮250～450g/株处理，植株的冠幅、株高增量随着氮施用量增加而增大，磷、钾影响不显著；现蕾期和初花期，P2O5 90g／株和K2O 200g／株处理的植株现蕾、开花枝梢比例最高，施氮影响不显著；盛花坐果期，施N 350g/株、P2O5 150g／株和K2O 150g／株处理的植株现蕾开花枝梢比例最高。氮和钾对3龄植株结果影响较大，年施N 250～450g／株处理，平均株产量随着氮施用量的增加而增加，最佳施肥组合为N3P1K2，施N 450g／株、P2O5 90g／株和K2O 150g／株处理，可以促进3龄腰果植株结果。3龄植株腰果产量与初花期叶片钾（K）含量（0．43％～0．47％）和盛花坐果期叶片N含量（1．89％～2．20％）呈直线显著正相关。An experiment with L9 （3^4） orthogonal design was conducted to study the effects of N, P, K fertilizer on growth and fruiting of young cashew. The experimental results showed that ： for 2 years old cashew, the optimum combination was N1P1K1, the application rate of N 150 g/ （tree · a）, P2O5 50 g/ （tree · a） and K2O 50 g/ （tree · a） could promote plant growth. For 3 years old cashew, when N application rate was in the range of 250 to 450 g/ （tree · a）, the increment of cashew crown width and plant height increased with N application rate increase, the effect of P2O5 and K2O fertilizer was not significant. At budding and initial flowering stage, when P2O5, K2O application rate was 90 and 200 g/ （tree · a） respectively, the ratio of budding and flowering branch was the highest; the effect of N was not obvious. At full flowering stage, the ratio of budding and flowering branch in the treatment of N 350 g/ （tree · a）, P2O5 150 g/ （tree · a）, K2O 150 g/ （tree · a） was the highest. N and K2O fertilizer had great effect on the fruiting of 3 years old cashew. The yield increased with N application increase in the range of 250 to 450 g/ （tree · a） . The optimum combination was N3P1K2, the application rate of N 450 g/ （tree · a）, P2O5 90 g/ （tree · a） and K2O 150 g/ （tree · a） could promote plant fruiting of 3 years old cashew. The yield of 3 years old cashew had significant positive correlation with leaf K content （0. 43% - 0. 47% ） during initial flowering stage and leaf N content （ 1. 89% - 2. 20% ） during full flowering and fruiting stage.

关 键 词：施肥 幼龄 腰果 植株生长 结果 效应 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]