多轴数控磨削螺旋锥齿轮的表面粗糙度研究  

Research on Surface Roughness for Multi-axis NC Grinding of Spiral Bevel Gear

作　　者：明兴祖[1,2] 严宏志[1] 陈书涵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学,长沙410083 [2]湖南工业大学,株洲412008

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2009年第20期2470-2476,共7页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2005CB724104);湖南省高等学校科学研究项目(07C235)

摘　　要：根据螺旋锥齿轮六轴五联动数控磨齿机的结构模型和双面法直口杯砂轮数控展成磨削原理,分析了磨削表面粗糙度的包络形成机理及其影响因素,建立了数控磨削齿面的数学模型。基于运动轨迹的分析方法,进行了数控磨削齿面的节点和接触迹线矢量计算,通过网格划分,将磨削3D理论残留面积高度的求解问题转化为沿齿高方向各横截面上的2D理论残留面积高度的计算问题,并考虑塑性侧向隆起现象,建立了磨削表面粗糙度的计算模型。对弧齿锥齿轮大轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra值进行计算和试验验证分析,结果表明:砂轮速度提高时,Ra值可明显减小;展成速度提高时,Ra值略有增大;当磨削深度a≤0.08mm时,Ra值随a的增大略有增大,但当a>0.08mm时,Ra值增大显著;其他因素对Ra值也有不同程度的影响;实例中Ra实测值与计算值的相对误差的最大绝对值为15.3%,说明理论模型能保证磨削表面粗糙度有较好的精度。According to the structure model of six--axis and five- axis coordinate NC tooth grinding machine and NC grinding generating principle of the duplex blade method used for the cup-- shaped grinding wheel of spiral bevel gear ,the enveloping mechanism of the surface roughness and its influence factors were analyzed,and the mathematical models of NC ground tooth were built. Based on the analysis method of motion trajectory, the nodes and contact line vectors were computed. Calculations of 3D theoretical residual area height were translated to ones of 2D＇s by grid compartment,and the computing model of grinding tooth surface roughness were setting up by taking into account a plastic side upheaval phenomenon. The computing and testing results of ground tooth surface roughness Ra of spiral bevel gear indicate following characterictics. Firstly, the Ra values are distinctly decreased as increasing the wheel speed, while it will raise a little as increasing the generation speed. Secondly, when grinding depth（a） is less than 0.08mm, the Ra values are added slightly as heightening a;while a is more than 0.08mm,it will increase greatly as heightening a, and also be affected differently by other factors. Finally, the maximal absolute value of relative error between testing Ra values and computing ones is 15.3 percent in the example, this displays that the theoretical model of ground tooth surface roughness has better precision.

关 键 词：数控磨削 螺旋锥齿轮 表面粗糙度 残留面积高度 模型 

分 类 号：TH132.41[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]