淡水鱼类细菌性败血症菌苗浸浴免疫研究  

STUDIES ON BATH IMMUNIZATION OF BACTERIN FOR FISH BACTERIAL SEPTICEMIA

作　　者：陈月英[1] 钱冬[1] 沈智华[1] 沈锦玉[1] 曹铮[1] 尹文林[1] 张念慈[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省淡水水产研究所,湖州313001

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》1998年第6期597-603,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金："八五"国家科技攻关项目!85-15-03-01

摘　　要：于1992年12月—1995年12月，采用嗜水气单胞菌TPS－30株制成全菌苗，对本所、绍兴、杭州等地渔场鲫、鲢、鳙等进行浸浴免疫试验和生产性防病试验．（1）网箱试验：将含菌5X109全菌苗按1：10，1：100，1：500稀释，对体重超过10g的健康鲫进行菌苗浓度与浸浴时间、增效剂、高渗剂、加强免疫、连续多批分别浸裕和增氧剂等6项免疫试验．经不同时间的RSP％及部分抗体测定结果表明，在1：10－1：500的浓度中分别浸浴1—60min后，45－188天的RSP达66.7％—100％；菌苗液中加入5x10－6增效剂和2％高渗剂可使RSP提高10％；首次免疫后间隔1－6个月再加强免疫，可使RSP提高及免疫有效期延长；将1：10菌苗连续浸浴鲫15批，其中前10批免疫鱼的RSP可达60％以上；增氧剂直接加入菌苗液中会降低RSP。部分免疫鱼的血清中有微弱的特异抗体．（2）生产性试验表明：7．7ha成鱼池和533ha湖泊的鱼种浸裕免疫后，池塘免疫鱼平均成活率提高15％，用药成本降低；湖泊死鱼数比上年同期减少55．8％。Bath vaccination tests and field prevention trials of fish bacterial septicemia were carriedout with crucian carp (Carassius aurams), silver carp (theothalmichtys meltrix) and bighead(Aristichthys nobilis) in fish farms located in Huzhou, Shaoxing, Hanzhou from Dec.1992 to Dec.1995, using the formalin－inactived whole cell bacterin of Aeromonas hydrophila strain TPS－30, whichwas isolated from disease blunt－Snout bream (Mygalobrama amblycephala). In the bath vareinationtestS, crucian carp was bathd for 1, 5, 60 mins with bacterin diluted 10, 100 and 500 times,respectively, and relatively survival pereent (RSP, %) were 66.7%－100% after the fish was culturedin cages from 45 to 188 days. The RSP was 10% higher in bacterin solution addd with 5 x 10－6enhaning agent and 2% high osmotic agent. The RSP increased and the period of immunityProlonged after about 45 days, when crucian carp was immunized at 1, 3, six months interval afterthe first immunization. Bacterin diluted 10 times was used for 15 batches of fish－bathing, the RSPof the first, forth, eighth, tenth batch of fishes was above 6O%. The RSP decreased, whenoxygen－enriching agent was used in the bacterin solution. The serum of fish bathed once or tWicehas a little specific antibody after 45 days. In field trials, the fingerlings, including crucian carp,silver carp, bighead etc were bethed with basterin in fish ponds with an area of 6.6ha, Shaoxingand in the West Lake with an area of 533ha, Hanzhou. The survival rate of adult fishes wasincreased by about 15%. The cost of drugs was decreased by 8o%. The mortality of fish imrntrizedin lake was 55.8% lower than tha of the control group－

关 键 词：细菌性败血症 浸浴免疫 鱼类 淡水鱼 

分 类 号：S941.42[农业科学—水产养殖] S943.1[农业科学—水产科学]