规模化稻鸭生产对早稻病虫害变化规律及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Scale Rice-duck Production on Variation of Insect Pests and Diseases and Economic Benefit of Early Rice

作　　者：沈建凯[1,2] 黄璜[1,2] 傅志强[3,2] 张亚[4] 陈灿[1,2] 金小马[1,2] 廖晓兰[4,2] 龙攀[1,2] 高文娟[1,2] 李建安[1] 陈玉艳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院 [2]农业部多熟制作物栽培与耕作重点开放实验室,长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学理学院 [4]湖南农业大学生物安全科技学院

出　　处：《作物研究》2009年第3期161-166,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划;编号2007BAD89B00

摘　　要：通过大田试验研究了规模稻鸭生态种养系统中水稻病虫害的消长变化规律及其经济效益。结果表明:规模稻鸭生态种养(IF)水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和稻叶蝉平均虫量较水稻单一种植(CK)分别下降54.4%,48.8%,73.6%和96.1%,纹枯病和稻瘟病病株率分别降低78.9%和48.5%;较常规稻鸭生态种养(CF)水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和稻叶蝉量分别下降18.2%,9.5%,7.0%和0.82%,纹枯病病株率降低35.5%,稻瘟病病株率升高8.0%。规模稻鸭生态种养稻飞虱和二化螟对水稻危害株率比常规稻鸭生态种养分别降低52.9%和6.9%。试验还表明,规模稻鸭生态种养系统中水稻二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱虫峰迟现,持续危害时间短;纹枯病蔓延危害期缩短10~14 d;水稻有效穗数、穗粒数增多,千粒重增加,空壳率降低,产量最高。规模稻鸭生态种养较常规稻鸭生态种养和水稻单一种植分别增收1 024.32,1 370.61元/hm2,增幅44.47%和70.03%。因此,规模稻鸭生态种养可以实现对水稻病虫害的生态控制,且经济效益显著提高,对于提升我国现代农业生产实践具有重要意义。Population dynamics of rice diseases and pests and economic benefit in scale rice-duck farming ecosystem in paddy field were studied. The results indicated that： compared with mono-cropping （CK）, the mean densities of rice stem borers, leaf roller, rice hoppers and leafhoppers in scale rice-duck farming （IF） were decreased by 54.4 %,48.8 %, 73.60% and 96.1% respectively,and the rate of diseased plant of sheath blight and rice blast in IF were decreased by 78.9% and 48.50% respectively. Compared with the conventional rice-duck farming （CF）, the average densities of rice stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice hoppers and leafhoppers in IF was reduced by t8.2%, 9.5%, 7.0% and 0.82% respectively, and the rate of diseased plant of sheath blight in IF were decreased by 35.5%, unfortunately that of rice blast in IF was increased by 8.0%. the percentage of infected plants of rice hoppers and rice stem borer in IF were 52.9% and 6.9% lower than those in CF. The experiment also showed that the population peak density of rice stem borer, leaf roller and rice hoppers were postponed and the harm duration was shortened in IF field , and infestation duration of sheath blight was shortened by 10- 14 days. The yield components of rice in IF were improved, effective panicle, kernels per panicle and 1000-grain weight were heightened and percentage of empty grain was declined. Compared with CF and CK, net profit of IF was increased by 1 024. 32 and 1370. 61 RMB/hm2 respectively, and the increase amplitude was 44. 47% and 70. 03% respectively. Therefore, the scale rice-duck farming could effectively control rice diseases and pests, and its economic benefit was increased markedly, which possessed great potential for improving the practice of modern agriculture in China.

关 键 词：稻鸭生态种养 水稻 二化螟 稻纵卷叶螟 纹枯病 稻瘟病 经济效益 生态农业 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]