离岸制衡与选择性干预——对二战后美国大战略的理论思考  

Hegemony,Balance of Power and Grand Strategy:Off-Shore Balancing and Selective Engagement

作　　者：吴征宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2009年第10期33-40,共8页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：中国人民大学985项目经费支持

摘　　要：在现代历史上,自由霸权国为确保自身优势地位采取的手段一般有两种:一是创建必要的国际制度,二是在权力地位上保持足够的领先优势。历史上,由于自由霸权国与主导性海洋强国这两种身份历来是重合的,因此保持欧洲(欧亚)大陆强国间的均势一直是霸权国用以维护自身权力地位的重要手段之一。保持欧洲(欧亚)大陆强国间均势不仅是历史上主导性海洋强国兼自由霸权国始终面临的根本性战略问题,而且在实现强国间均势的手段上也一直存在激烈的争论。这种争论主要是围绕"离岸制衡"与"选择性干预"而展开。作者认为,由于"离岸制衡"赖以成功的前提在20世纪的世界中已经不复存在,因此,二战后美国对欧亚大陆大战略的基本模式一直是"选择性干预"。"选择性干预"战略不仅成就了美国在二战后占据世界的主导地位,同时也解释了二战后和冷战后美国对欧亚大陆之大战略的惊人延续性。In the studies of modern international relations,balance-of-power theory and theory of hegemony have been developed along two parallel but never overlapped lines,and this can be exclusively attributed to the different nature and basis of hegemony defined by the two theories. In modern history,liberal hegemons generally employed two kinds of means to maintain its leading positions:one is international institutions,and the other is the preponderance of power. Being the leading maritime powers,the liberal hegemons have always regarded maintaining the balance of power among major powers in European(Eurasia) continent as one of the most important ways to uphold its positions. As a result,they often faced a hard choice between two modes of grand strategy,namely,off-shore balancing and selective engagement. Because the theoretical basis and historical conditions which off-shore balancing depends on is no longer applicable to the post war era,the U. S. has adopted selective engagement as its grand strategy towards Eurasia,which not only led to the leading position of the U.S. but also accounted for the continuity of the U. S. grand strategy in the post-war period.

关 键 词：霸权 均势 美国 大战略 国际政治 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]