高砷饮水对云南傣族儿童生长发育的影响研究  

To Study the Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water on Growth and Development of Dai Children in Yunnan

作　　者：李琼芬[1,2] 段志敏[1] 聂绍发[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,昆明650022 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院,武汉430030

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2009年第10期76-78,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的了解高砷饮水对傣族儿童生长发育的影响。方法选择高砷饮水(>0.05mg/L)地区38名傣族6～15岁中小学生作为暴露组,饮水砷含量正常(<0.05mg/L)的邻村43名同龄中小学生为对照组,采集所有研究对象晨尿、家庭饮用水水样和发样(30份)测定砷含量。采用联合型瑞文测试(中国第二次修订版)对研究对象进行智力测试。按照全国学校卫生体检技术规范进行身高、体重的测量。结果暴露组尿砷、发砷含量均值均高于对照组,且两组发砷含量差异有统计学意义,但暴露组尿砷、发砷含量均值远远低于推荐的正常参考值。暴露组中小学生的智商低于对照组6.35分,并且暴露组与对照组男生智商的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),暴露组随着饮水砷含量的增加,儿童智商呈明显的下降趋势,儿童智商与水砷含量呈显著性负相关(R=-0.62,t=4.72,P<0.01)。暴露组儿童身高、体重发育不正常的发生率也高于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论饮用水砷含量在0.11mg/L以上的水,对傣族儿童的智力发育可能会造成不利影响。长期低剂量(<0.07mg/L)饮水砷暴露,尚未发现对傣族儿童身高、体重造成明显的不利影响。OBJECTIVE To study the effects of arsenic in drinking water on growth and development of Dai children in Yunnan of China. METHODS Thirty-eight children of Dai ethnic living in the areas with high concentration of arsenic in drinking water （〉0.05 mg/L） were selected as exposure group, and 43 Dai children with normal arsenic concentration in drinking water （〈0.05 mg/L） as control group. Meanwhile, arsenic concentration in drinking water and urine and hair were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS）. Combined Raven＇ s test in Chinese version was used to evaluate children＇s intelligence quotient（IQ）. The target＇s body height and weight were examined by using the national student health examination technological specification. RESULTS The means of arsenic concentration in urine and arsenic concentration in hair of exposure group are higher than control groups. Only the arsenic concentration in hair from exposure group had significantly higher than control groups（P〈0.01）. But both of the means of arsenic concentration in urine and in hair are far lower than recommended normal reference value by China MOH. Score of IQ in control group was 6.35 higher than that in exposure group, arsenic concentration in urine of exposure group slightly higher than control group, the illegitimate incidence of weight and height in exposure group were also higher than control group. But, all of the difference in two group were not reaching the level of statistical significance （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSIONS It was probably caused adverse effect on growth and development of Dai children by drinking the water which contains arsenic concentration more than 0.11 mg/L But it was not probably caused adverse effect on body height and weight of Dai children by drinking the water which contains arsenic concentration in low does （〈0.07 mg/L）.

关 键 词：水砷 傣族儿童 生长发育 影响 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]